省籍通婚與中國人、台灣人認同－家庭成員影響力的變化

Intersubethnic Marriage and National Identity: The Changing Role of Family Members

10.6229/CPSR.2010.50.02

吳親恩(Chin-En Wu)；林政楠(Cheng-Nan Lin)

台灣人與中國人認同 ； 性別差異 ； 省籍 ； 族群通婚 ； gender gap ； intersubethnic marriage ； national identity ； subethnicity

政治學報

50期（2010 / 12 / 01）

41 - 82

繁體中文

本文觀察不同省籍婚姻組合對民眾在台灣人、中國人認同的影響。結果發現1992～2008年之間，不同婚姻組合在認同上存在明顯差異，並在跨年度研究中出現幾個趨勢。首先，整體民眾的認同往台灣人的方向移動；其次，本省選民與外省選民在認同上各自在光譜上出現新的均衡，本省選民中有過半數認為自己是台灣人，接著才是台灣人與中國人兩者皆是，外省選民中有近七成認為自己同時是台灣人也是中國人；最後，不同省籍婚姻組合認同的差距減少。除此之外，本文也觀察家庭成員省籍個別的影響，在父母親對子女的影響方面，父親省籍所造成的影響普通高於母親，且不論母親的省籍，父親省籍的影響都是顯著的，不過當母親為外省籍時，父親的影響更是明顯；另一方面，當父親為外省籍時，母親省籍對選民認同的影響與時俱增，與父親影響的差距逐漸縮減，而當父親為本省籍時，母親的影響並不顯著。在夫妻互相影響方面，當受訪者是本省籍時，配偶省籍有顯著影響，其中，先生省籍的影響力普遍高於妻子，不過近年來妻子省籍影響力已逐漸增加，並與先生相當；而當受訪者是外省籍時，配偶省籍則未出現顯著的作用。

By dividing respondents into various subtypes according their parents and spouses' subethnicity, this paper observes the role inter-ethnic marriages play in shaping family members ' Taiwanese-Chinese identity between 1992 and 2008 Although an increasing number of people identify themselves as Taiwanese, there are still a significant portion of citizens who still embrace the Chinese identity or dual identity. The identify difference begins to shrink in recent years. We then compare the gender gap in influencing family members ' identities. Although fathers and husbands traditionally play a greater role in attitude formation, mothers' and wives' impacts significantly increase in recent years Finally, we demonstrate that family members' effects are conditional not only on gender and but also on the subethnicity and their spouses' subethnicity. Among parents' influence, both father and mother exert greater effect when their spouses are Mainlanders. In contrast, among married couples, spouses exert greater effect when the respondents are Taiwanese. Socioeconomic and network inequality among gender and ethnic groups contribute to the uneven influence of family members.

1. 吳乃德(2002)。認同衡突與政治信任：現階段台灣族群政制的核心難題。台灣社會學，4，75-118。
   連結：
2. 楊婉瑩、劉嘉薇(2006)。探索性別差距的不同型態—以台灣選民政黨認同爲例。東吳政治學報，23，115-156。
   連結：
3. Park, R. E. & Burgess, E. W. 1924. Introduction to the Science of Sociology (2nd ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
4. Sribney, W., 1996. "A Comparison of Different Tests for Trend." In Stata: http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/stat/trend.html, Avaliable: 2009/6/5.
5. Abdetal, R.(ed.)(2009).Measuring Identity: A Guide for Social Scientists.New York:Cambridge University Press.
6. Alba, R. D.,Chamlin, M. B.(1983).A Preliminary Examination of Ethnic Identification among Whites.American Sociological Review,48(2),240-247.
7. Almond, G. A.,Verba, S.(1963).The Civic Culture.Princeton, NJ:Princeton University Press.
8. Beck, P. A.(1991).Voters' Intermediation Environments in the 1988 Presidential Contest.Public Opinion Quarterly,55(3),371-395.
9. Beck, P. A.,Jennings, M. K.(1975).Parents as 'Middlepersons' in Political Socialization.The Journal of Politics,37(1),83-107.
10. Blauner, B.(1972).Racial Oppression in America.New York:Harper and Row.
11. Brady, H. E.,Kaplan, C. S.(2000).Categorically Wrong? Nominal Versus Graded Measures of Ethnic Identity.Studies in Comparative International Development,35(3),56-91.
12. Burns, N.,Schlozman, K. L.,Verba, S.(2001).The Private Roots of Public Action: Gender, Equality, and Political Participation.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
13. Ellemers, N.(ed.),Spears, R.(ed.),Doosje, B.(ed.)(1999).Social Identity.Oxford, UK:Blackwell.
14. Ellison, C. G.,Powers, D. A.(1994).The Contact Hypothesis and Racial Attitudes among Black Americans.Social Science Quarterly,75(2),385-400.
15. Gilligan, C.(1982).In a Different Voice: Psychological Theories and Women's Development.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
16. Gordon, M. M.(1964).Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion and National Origins.New York:Oxford University Press.
17. Greeley, A. M.(1971).Why Can't They be Like Us? America's White Ethnic Groups.New York:Dutton.
18. Hyman, H. H.(1959).Political Socialization: A Study in the Psychology of Political Behavior.New York:The Free Press.
19. Inglehart, R.,Norris, P.(2000).The Development Theory of the Gender Gap: Women's and Men's Voting Behavior in Global Perspective.International Political Science Review,21(4),441-463.
20. King, G.(1990).When Not to Use R-Squared.The Political Methodologist,3(2),11-12.
21. Lane, R. E.(1959).Political Life: How and Why People Get Involved in Politics.New York:The Free Press.
22. Lane, R. E.,Sears, D. O.(1964).Public Opinion.Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.
23. Leung, K. S.(ed.),Chan, L. W.(ed.),Meng, H.(ed.)(2001).Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning.Berlin, Germany:Springer.
24. Mueller, C. M.(ed.)(1988).The Politics of the Gender Gap: Social Construction of Political Influence.Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
25. Sapiro, V.(2004).Not Your Parents' Political Socialization: Introduction for a New Generation.Annual Review of Political Science,7(1),1-23.
26. Sigelman, L.,Welch, S.(1993).The Contact Hypothesis Revisited: Black-White Interaction and Positive Racial Attitudes.Social Forces,71(3),781-795.
27. Stephen, C. W.,Stephen, W. G.(1989).After Intermarriage: Ethnic Identity among Mixed-Heritage Japanese-Americans and Hispanics.Journal of Marriage and Family,51(2),507-519.
28. Stevens, G.(1985).Nativity, Intermarriage, and Mother-Tongue Shift.American Sociological Review,50(1),74-83.
29. Stoker, L.,Jennings, M. K.(1995).Life-Cycle Transitions and Political Participation: The Case of Marriage.The American Political Science Review,89(2),421-433.
30. Straits, B. C.(1991).Bringing Strong Ties Back in: Interpersonal Gateways to Political Information and Influence.Public Opinion Quarterly,55(3),432-448.
31. Thomas, L. E.(1971).Political Attitude Congruence between Politically Active Parents and College-Age Children: An Inquiry into Family Political Socialization.Journal of Marriage and Family,33(2),375-386.
32. Trevor, M. C.(1999).Political Socialization, Party Identification, and the Gender Gap.Public Opinion Quarterly,63(1),62-89.
33. Wolfinger, R. E.,Rosenstone, S. J.(1980).Who Votes?.New Haven, CT:Yale University Press.
34. Zuckerman, A. S.(ed.)(2005).The Social Logic of Politics.Philadelphia, PA:Temple University Press.
35. 王甫昌(2001)。台灣族群通婚與族群關係再探。社會轉型與文化變貌：華人社會的比較，香港:
36. 王甫昌(1994)。族群同化與動員：台灣民眾政黨支持之分析。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，77，1-34。
37. 王甫昌(1993)。族群通婚的後果：省籍通婚對於族群同化的影響。人文及社會集刊，6(1)，231-267。
38. 吳乃德(1999)。家庭社會化和意識形態：台灣選民政黨認同的世代差異。台灣社會學研究，3，53-85。
39. 施正鋒(2000)。台灣人的民族認同。台北:前衛。
40. 徐永明(2000)。「南方政治」的形成？—台灣政黨支持的地域差別，1994-2000。「新世紀的選舉」學術研討會，台北:
41. 張茂桂編(1993)。省籍問題與民族主義。族群關係與台灣人、中國人認同，台北:
42. 許勝懋(2004)。通婚家庭子女之台灣人／中國人認同（1992年至2001年）。理論與政策，14(4)，125-153。
43. 陳文俊(1994)。台灣大學生的省籍意識與國家認同。中山社會科學季刊，8(2)，41-91。
44. 黃秀端、趙湘瓊(1996)。台灣婦女近十年來政治態度的變遷—民國七十二年至八十一年。問題與研究，35(10)，71-95。
45. 劉義周(1994)。政治態度的性別差異：男女有別或男女不平等？。政治學報，23，133-162。
46. 蔡孟熹(1997)。國立政治大學政治學系。

1. 楊婉瑩、李冠成(2016)。老台灣人 vs 新台灣人：台灣人認同世代差異之初探。臺灣政治學刊，20(2)，125-186。
2. 陳光輝(2018)。配偶間政治態度一致性的分析。臺灣政治學刊，22(1)，143-186。