早在日治時期臺灣即已開始運用民力於火災搶救工作,但在九二一地震後,才開啟以整體社區為對象的防災社區計畫,而相關計畫之數量、規模以及推行單位卻直至莫拉克颱風之後才呈現蓬勃發展的態勢。防災社區從災害搶救觀點出發,由緊急應變、災害整備逐漸擴及至減災規劃等面向,操作方法也從由上而下的單向式防災教育與宣導,逐漸轉而朝向民眾參與的推動取徑。然而在防災社區計畫看似枝開葉散的成功表面下,實存在著許多關鍵議題亟待改善。本文針對防災社區計畫進行回顧,試圖爬梳整體發展脈絡。其次,從「推動模式」、「執行事項」、「操作方法」、「持續運作」四個構面解析防災社區落實推動內涵。最後,省思臺灣防災社區工作面對的挑戰,並對未來發展方向提出建議。
It could be tracked to the Japanese colony era that civilian power was used to assist firefighting task in Taiwan. However, plans related to community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM) were gradually initiated until the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake. In the wake to the 2009 Typhoon Morake, the scale and scope of CBDRM extended rapidly. The context of CBDRM originally targets on rescue, and then addresses on emergency response, disaster preparedness and risk reduction respectively. A shift in program operation also occurs, which is from up-down education and training to a participatory approach. Although it seems to be successful in regard to the flourishing implementation of CBDRM, some critical issues should not be neglected. This paper first explores the transition of CBDRM. Next, four elements are used to examine the context of CBDRR program, which are mechanism, design, operation and sustainability. This paper concludes with challenges emerge from the implantation of CBDRM and proposes concrete recommendations for policy makers as well as field practitioners.