摘 要 在諸多的問題解決模式中,「限制理論」被公認為一套相當有效的問題解決模式,並且廣泛用來解決產業界的各種問題。 在限制理論問題解決模式中,現況樹扮演著一個重要的角色,從困擾現象出發,經由因果邏輯關係的連結,找出隱藏在其中的核心問題,並從中選定出關鍵問題,以作為後續尋思對策、解決問題的基礎。 然而,在實務的運用上,從相同的一組困擾現象出發,不同的問題解決者不一定會獲致相同的核心問題。其原因,不外乎是困擾現象的陳述混淆,或是因果邏輯關係的錯誤所造成,此一問題通稱為因果邏輯檢視問題。 為能解決此問題,學者Dettmer發展出分類合理存疑(CLR)的概念,作為檢視因果關係正確性的導引工具,分別從陳述明確性、事項實存性、因果實存性、他因遺漏性、要因欠缺性、效應遺漏性、因果倒置性、因果交互性等八個要項加以檢視。 有關分類合理存疑,迄今並沒有可以實際操作的準則。在本研究中,我們針對八個檢視要項逐一剖析其深入的意涵,討論可能引發的效應,繼而提出可用的邏輯檢視準則,並以圖書館個案為例,同時進行解析與驗證。
Among various solving models, “Theory of Constraints(TOC)” has been widely recognized as one of the most effective problem solving models, and has been extensively used for solving various problems in the industry. Current Reality Tree plays an important role in problem solving when TOC is in use. It sets out from a group of undesirable effects(UDEs), through linking the causes and effects among the UDEs, core problems are identified, the key problem is chosen from them. It serves as the foundation of finding the strategy and solution for the problem. However, when in practice, setting out from the same group of UDEs, different problem solvers may not end up with the same core problems. The root of this problem is due to ambiguous statement of UDEs, or logical mistakes in cause-effect. This problem is generally called as cause-effect logical examining problem. To deal with this problem, Dettmer developed the concept of Categories of Legitimate Reservation(CLR) as a tool of verifying causality validity. It is used to examine the eight categories, including Clarity, Entity Existence, Causality Existence, Additional Cause, Cause Insufficient and Predicted Effect. However, there are no operational criteria available for CLR so far. In this study, we examine the eight categories respectively to analyse their meaning in depth. We discuss the potential effects, then propose logical examining criteria. A practical problem occurring in a university library is taken as a case study. It is also used for validation of the criteria developed in this study.