不可控的意識—以思緒漫遊角度檢驗影響思緒壓抑失敗的因素

朱玉正

doi:10.6342/NTU.2014.01415

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不可控的意識—以思緒漫遊角度檢驗影響思緒壓抑失敗的因素

The Uncontrollable Mind: The Relationship between Mind Wandering and Thought Suppression Failure.

朱玉正 , Masters　　Advisor：連韻文　　

繁體中文 DOI： 10.6342/NTU.2014.01415

思緒壓抑；思緒漫遊；工作記憶廣度；專注當下特質；專注呼吸； thought suppression ； mind wandering ； working memory capacity ； mindfulness trait ； focused breathing

Abstract │ Reference (67) │ Altmetrics

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Intrusion of unwanted thoughts (IUTs) is supposed to occur during mind wandering when mental resource is of short. However, few studies, if any, have empirically tested the relation between IUTs and mind wandering. A typical thought suppression paradigm, the white bear task, and mind wandering paradigm were applied to test the relationship between mind wandering and IUTs. In addition, we test the relationships between two individual traits, working memory capacities (WMC) and mindfulness traits and mind wandering or IUTs. In experiment 1, we found participants who have more daydreams (i.e., the frequency of shift in thoughts) at rest were prone to have IUTs. In experiment 2, participants’ tendency toward mind wandering was further reduced to different degrees by instructing them to focus on different targets (participants’ own breathes or a mental object) while doing thought suppression task. It was found that, compared to focus-object group, focusing-breath group, who had fewer mind wandering, did had fewer IUTs. In addition, results showed that relationships between two individuals’ traits and mind wandering or IUTs would change with different focusing targets. In focused-breath group, participants mind wandering and IUTs were negatively correlated with their mindfulness trait but were not correlated with WMC; whereas in focused-object group, their mind wandering and IUTs were negatively correlated with their WMC but were not correlated with their mindfulness trait. This study, for the first time, confirmed the conjectured relationship between mind wandering, both daydreaming and task-unrelated one, and IUTs. It also revealed that participants’ performance on thought suppression task was influenced by individuals’ WMCs and mindfulness traits in an opposite way, depending on the strategy they used to control mind wandering.

Reference ( 67 ) 〈TOP〉

任純慧（2012）。探討孕育效果產生的條件：注意力去焦假說（未出版之博士論文）。國立台灣大學，台北市。 .
連結：
張仁和、林以正、黃金蘭（2011）。中文版「止觀覺察注意量表」之信效度分析。測驗學刊，58，90 –115.
連結：
Baird, B., Smallwood, J., Mrazek, M. D., Kam, J. W. Y., Franklin, M. S., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Inspired by distraction: mind wandering facilitates creative incubation. Psychological Science, 23(10), 1117–1122. doi:10.1177/0956797612446024
連結：
Baird, B., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2011). Back to the future: autobiographical planning and the functionality of mind-wandering. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(4), 1604–1611. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.08.007
連結：
Brefczynski-Lewis, J. A., Lutz, A., Schaefer, H. S., Levinson, D. B., & Davidson, R. J. (2007). Neural correlates of attentional expertise in long-term meditation practitioners. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(27), 11483–11488. doi:10.1073/pnas.0606552104
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