台灣太陽光電產業發展策略

Development Strategies Of Taiwan Solar Photovoltaic Industry

黃琪峯(Chi-Feng Huang)

指導教授 ： 鄭雅穗

元智大學/管理學院/管理碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2011.00135

摘要

全球人口的膨脹與金磚四國的崛起，食物、燃料與能源的需求均快速攀升，在原物料價格漲升不斷的趨勢作用下，能源耗盡的問題再次困擾著人們，而另一個矛盾的難題是，石化燃料仍為全球追求經濟發展主要依賴能源，因此產生的過量溫室氣體排放，造成全球暖化與氣候的變遷， 更加快食物、燃料與能源需求問題的浮現。為降低全球對石化燃料的依賴，達成減少二氧化碳的排放，以緩和溫室效應對全球氣候變遷所產生的影響，京都議定書與哥本哈根協定成為國際間共同規範，再生能源成為世界各國能源佈局重點及主要因應的策略。
在眾多再生能源選項中，太陽光電能因具有清潔乾淨、資源永續豐富、高安全性、無地域限制、高分散性、低維護需求、發電成本不受原物料價格波動影響、可降低尖峰用電負載及無二氧化碳排放等眾多的優點，在全球環保意識抬頭的因素下，多數符合世界先進國家的再生能源開發應用選項，快速成為注目的焦點，而近五年由於技術突破與驗證機制建立明確，全球太陽光電市場與產業產能年成長率驚人，且許多國家之高電價區域已可達成與市電同價的太陽能發電目標，市場與產業發展趨勢積極，更有機會於再生能源中站穩一席之地。
台灣太陽光電產業發展至今已超過20 年，產業從初期的非晶矽研發製造到現今的結晶矽太陽電池大量生產製造，在多年努力及全球市場快速成長驅動作用力下，順應全球產業價值鏈發展的移動，造就台灣太陽光電產業蓬勃發展，2008 年成為全球第四大太陽能電池與模組供應國，產業總年產值也正式突破新台幣1000 億元，2009 年更成為第三大供應國，並於同年通過再生能源發展條例，對產業發展亦是一大肯定。而台灣太陽光電在產業價值鏈的發展上，可區分為上游：矽原料、晶棒與矽晶圓，中游：太陽能電池製造，下游：太陽能電池模組與太陽光電系統，雖價值鏈已趨完整，但面對亞洲鄰國的太陽能產業快速崛起與眾多優勢，發展策略為產業生存重要依據。
希望經由太陽光電產業發展策略探討，在現行競爭激烈的環境下，選擇適當的生存策略，以台灣產業結構做為分析主軸，配合目前政府再生能源政策，做為區域性太陽能發電系統的建置規劃及產業之策略制定參考，找尋出太陽光電產業發展定位及優勢，對企業提供未來發展策略擬訂及規劃之參考，並達成結能減碳之國際議定共識。

關鍵字

節能減碳 ； 太陽光電 ； 策略

並列摘要

The global population expanded and BRIC countries are prospering, food, fuel and energy needs are rising fast. The trend of raw material prices are getting high and resulted in people are plagued with energy depletion issues again. Beside, another contradiction problem is world economy growth that mainly relies energy are fossil fuels. Hence, the excessive emissions of greenhouse gases are causing global warming and climate change. It speed up and surfacing the food, fuel and energy needs problems. In order to reduce global relied on fossil fuels and achieve of reducing carbon dioxide emissions goal, the Kyoto Protocol and the Copenhagen agreement to become the common international standard to ease the impact of the greenhouse effect on global climate change. That’s why the renewable energy has become the world focus on the energy distribution and the main response strategy.
In many renewable energy options, solar photovoltaic energy has many advantages: clean, rich and sustainable, safety, no geographical limit, high dispersion, low maintenance needs, stable cost of power generation without effect by raw material price fluctuations, reduce peak electricity load and no carbon dioxide emissions. In terms of global awareness of environmental protection raising, solar photovoltaic most meet advanced countries development and application in their renewable energy options, so the solar photovoltaic is fast becoming the focus of attention. In recently 5 years, global solar PV market and industry capacity annual growth rate are amazing due to technological breakthroughs and establish of authentication. Even some high electricity prices regions in some countries are already reached the “Grid Parity” of PV electricity generation target, market and industry trends positive. PV has more opportunities to grow stable in renewable energy market.
The development of Taiwan photovoltaic industry has been more than 20 years, industrial from the initial amorphous silicon research and manufacture till now can do mass production of crystalline silicon solar cells manufacturing. Several years hard work and drive by rapid growth of the global market, then follow the global industry value chain development movement, those are creating the Taiwan PV industry in flourishing, therefore Taiwan in 2008 became the world's fourth largest supplier of solar cells and modules, industry has officially exceeded the total annual production value of NTD 100 billion, in 2009 became the third largest supplier, Taiwan Renewable Energy Development Act is legislated in the same year to encourage of PV industrial development. The development of Taiwan PV industry value chain can be divided into upstream: silicon raw material, ingot and wafer, the midstream: solar cell manufacturing, downstream: solar cell modules and solar PV systems. Although the Taiwan value chain has become a complete, but the Asia neighbors have the rapid rise of the solar industry and with numerous advantages, so the development strategy for the industry is an important survival basis.
To explore through the solar photovoltaic industry development strategy, discussed in the current competitive environment and choose the appropriate strategy for survival. So the analysis of Taiwan industrial structures is main topic, follow the current Government renewable energy policy, to do a reference for the regional solar power system buildup and/or industry strategy planning. Then find out the location and advantages of solar photovoltaic industry to provide future development strategy planning and reference for Taiwan enterprises, and reach with internationally agreed consensus of the “conserve energy & reduce carbon”.

並列關鍵字

Conserve energy & Reduce carbon ； Solar photovoltaic ； Strategy

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