勞動經驗與職業傷害：臺灣製造業越南移工的勞動體制

本文希望瞭解臺灣製造業越南移工在勞動過程中發生職業災害的原因，重點放在臺灣製造業越南移工的勞動體制以及影響越南移工對危險性作業的同意機制的探討。本研究假定加班機制是影響受訪者對危險性作業同意態度的關鍵因素，而加班機制又是基於台越跨國勞動巿場的價格機制；職業災害中的不安全行為則是越南移工為回應機制或整體結構的作為，而非僅是國家文化差異、語言或個人習慣的結果。本研究也發現受訪者來台前，皆未曾受過職業安全衛生相關的教育訓練；進入臺灣後，若在中小型工廠工作則欠缺接觸相關訓練課程的機會，因此對危害的預防方法及應變模式是陌生的。因為中小型規模工廠適用較寬鬆的法條，發生職災時易於規避政府單位稽查、檢查，職業事故發生後，工廠若未對故障機台進行檢修，仍可隨即轉賣脫手的實際情況。

關鍵字

外籍勞工；移工；勞動過程；勞動體制；職業傷害

並列摘要

This paper aims to understand the causes of occupational injury of the Vietnamese migrant workers occurring in the labor process in Taiwan's manufacturing sector. It focuses on the exploration of the labor system for the Vietnamese migrant workers in Taiwan's manufacturing sector and the impact of the agreement mechanism at the operating risk of Vietnam's workers. This study assumes that overtime mechanism is the key factor affecting the interviewee's agreement attitude against the operating at risk and the overtime mechanism is based on the price mechanism of the Taiwan-Vietnam cross-border labor market; the unsafe behavior in occupational hazards is a Vietnamese migrant workers' response to the mechanism or the whole structure, not just the result of the national cultural differences, language, or individual habit. The study also found that the interviewees did not receive the occupational safety and health-related education and training before they came to Taiwan. In Taiwan, if they work in small and medium factories, lacking an access to relevant training opportunities, so the hazard prevention and response mode is unknown to them. Because small and medium-scale factories apply less stringent legal provisions, in the occurrence of occupational accidents, the units are easy to avoid the government inspection. After the occupational accident, if the factories do not repair the broken machine, actually they can still it.