本論文對於工具機的幾何誤差進行探討,首先利用齊次轉換矩陣推導並建立五軸工具機的運動學及幾何誤差模型,該幾何誤差模型包含線性軸及旋轉軸共43個幾何誤差,接著分析此誤差模型,找出對於五軸總體誤差具有關鍵影響之誤差項以及該誤差相對應之幾何參數。此外,利用所推導之順逆向運動學方程式產生刀具中心點(Tool Center Point, TCP)之NC命令,並進行XYC三軸同動之K2路徑規劃,接著透過Matlab軟體進行NC路徑模擬與驗證,分別針對五軸工具機進行幾何誤差模擬與分析,並對於模擬結果探討並歸納出幾何誤差會產生之圖形種類。最後實驗結果驗證該方法可以模擬工具機的幾何誤差,並針對誤差進行補償,用以提升機台精度。
This paper is to probe the geometric errors of machine tool. The kinematic equations and geometric error model of the five-axis machine tool are derived using HTM (homogeneous transformation matrix). This static-error model is composed of 43 static errors include linear axis and rotation axis. The proposed method first analyzes the error model and identifies the critical errors and corresponding offsets of the five-axis machine tool which dominant the overall errors. Therefore, NC test paths for TCP such as K2 can be obtained according to inverse kinematics equations. Through Matlab conduct simulation and verification for NC path, then execute geometric errors simulatio and analysis for five-axis machine tool respectively. Simulations are performed to verify the feasibility of the geometric errors for machine tool. Finally, experiments are conducted and the results demonstrate that the geometric errors can be further compensated for the precise five-axis machine tool.