工作現場人因工程危害預防效益個案評估

A Case Assessment of Effectiveness in Prevention of Ergonomic Hazards in Workplaces

潘儀聰(Yi-Tsong Pan) ； 劉俊杰(Chun-Chieh Liu) ； 黃耀新(Yao-Hsin Huang) ； 盧士一(Shih-Yi Lu) ； 李正隆(Cheng-Lung Lee) ； 游志雲(Chi-Yuang Yu)

《勞工安全衛生研究季刊》 21卷3期 (2013/09) Pp. 345-355

摘要

國內勞工因為工作所引起的肌肉骨骼傷害非常嚴重，學界普遍認為因工作所引起的肌肉骨骼傷害有五個主要成因：過度施力、高重複動作、振動、低溫、以及不良的工作姿勢。這五個成因之中只有不良的工作姿勢比較容易改善，而其餘的四個成因則難以輕易改變。工作姿勢不良，容易造成頸、肩、腰、腕等關節部位的痠痛、疲勞以及疾病。要消除這些痠痛、疲勞、疾病，可以採行人因工程的技術來改善工作場所設施及環境，讓勞工得以採行最自然而且省力的機能工作姿勢。本文利用人因工程改善技術改善工作現場姿勢不良的問題，並以KIM（Key Indicators Method, KIM）人工物料處理檢核表加以驗證改善效益，結果顯示兩個改善案例的風險值都有明顯的下降，物料分裝作業風險等級由3級降為1級，幫浦拆裝作業風險等級由3級降為1級，大幅降低了人員肌肉骨骼傷害的風險。KIM人工物料處理檢核表為明確、易用的檢核表，可以適用於大多數的抬舉或放置、握持、運送、以及推拉等作業，使用上極為精簡，僅有三個步驟，非常適合現場快速診斷評估。

關鍵字

肌肉骨骼傷害 ； 人因工程 ； 現場改善

並列摘要

The work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) resulting from the heavy working cause significantly productivity loss in Taiwan. Awkward posture is the predominant risk factor of WMSDs (including over-exertion, high repetition, prolonged exposure, cold and vibration). This awkward posture may bring aches to the neck, shoulder, waist, wrist and other joint. , It may also lead to tiredness and illness of labor.This study used the techniques of ergonomicintervention to improve the bad posture in workplace. Key Indicators Method (KIM) was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The results showed that risk of material packaging wasreduced to level 1 from level 3. The risk of dismantling of pumpwas reduced to level 2 from level 3. In General, the WMDs risk of two invervented cases were significantly improved in workplace.Besides, we consider KIM as a usefulchecklist and could be easily used in most operation such as lifting, holding, transporting and pushing-pulling. Itis recommended to be used for rapid diagnosing workplace.

並列關鍵字

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders ； Ergonomics ； Workplace intervention

參考文獻

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