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工作現場人因工程危害預防效益個案評估

A Case Assessment of Effectiveness in Prevention of Ergonomic Hazards in Workplaces

摘要


國內勞工因為工作所引起的肌肉骨骼傷害非常嚴重,學界普遍認為因工作所引起的肌肉骨骼傷害有五個主要成因:過度施力、高重複動作、振動、低溫、以及不良的工作姿勢。這五個成因之中只有不良的工作姿勢比較容易改善,而其餘的四個成因則難以輕易改變。工作姿勢不良,容易造成頸、肩、腰、腕等關節部位的痠痛、疲勞以及疾病。要消除這些痠痛、疲勞、疾病,可以採行人因工程的技術來改善工作場所設施及環境,讓勞工得以採行最自然而且省力的機能工作姿勢。本文利用人因工程改善技術改善工作現場姿勢不良的問題,並以KIM(Key Indicators Method, KIM)人工物料處理檢核表加以驗證改善效益,結果顯示兩個改善案例的風險值都有明顯的下降,物料分裝作業風險等級由3級降為1級,幫浦拆裝作業風險等級由3級降為1級,大幅降低了人員肌肉骨骼傷害的風險。KIM人工物料處理檢核表為明確、易用的檢核表,可以適用於大多數的抬舉或放置、握持、運送、以及推拉等作業,使用上極為精簡,僅有三個步驟,非常適合現場快速診斷評估。

並列摘要


The work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) resulting from the heavy working cause significantly productivity loss in Taiwan. Awkward posture is the predominant risk factor of WMSDs (including over-exertion, high repetition, prolonged exposure, cold and vibration). This awkward posture may bring aches to the neck, shoulder, waist, wrist and other joint. , It may also lead to tiredness and illness of labor.This study used the techniques of ergonomicintervention to improve the bad posture in workplace. Key Indicators Method (KIM) was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. The results showed that risk of material packaging wasreduced to level 1 from level 3. The risk of dismantling of pumpwas reduced to level 2 from level 3. In General, the WMDs risk of two invervented cases were significantly improved in workplace.Besides, we consider KIM as a usefulchecklist and could be easily used in most operation such as lifting, holding, transporting and pushing-pulling. Itis recommended to be used for rapid diagnosing workplace.

參考文獻


行政院勞工委員會勞工保險局。民國94年、95年勞工保險統計年報
行政院勞工委員會勞工保險局。民國96年、97年勞工保險統計月報
行政院勞工委員會勞工保險局。民國98年、99年勞工保險統計月報
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Bernard, BP,Putz-Anderson, V,Burt, SE(1997).A critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related musculoskeltal disorders of the neck, upper-extremity, and low-back.U.S. Department Health and Human Services.

被引用紀錄


Li, Y. H. (2012). KIM LHC檢核表之靜態作業調整評級點數 [master's thesis, National Tsing Hua University]. Airiti Library. https://doi.org/10.6843/NTHU.2012.00270
陳昶智(2016)。重複性作業對人體肌肉骨骼傷害的影響-以某化工廠生產作業為例〔碩士論文,中原大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201600485
邵佳德(2011)。KIM人工物料處理檢核表運用的問題探討〔碩士論文,國立清華大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0016-0107201116080913
黃仁裕(2011)。電腦工作站之心理社會因素對肌肉骨骼不適評估研究〔碩士論文,國立清華大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0016-0107201116080915
王信夫(2011)。以WISHA篩選工具為標準,探討RULA與KIM LHC、KIM MHO檢核表之評估特性〔碩士論文,國立清華大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0016-0805201213295609

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