Asynchronous learning system are one of the best tools to break tools to break through the limit of time and space and make learning available to all people. In order to provide adaptive learning materials and environment, it is important for asynchronous learning system to take the characteristics of teaching materials and learning activities into account. Thus, this paper will discuss learning activities and the characteristics of associated materials, then investigate the relationship between them and learning behavior based on a learning profile. According to the relationship, asynchronous learning system can provide adaptive activities and material that are suitable for learners. Several learning activities such as homework, test and face-to-face teaching were designed and their effects on learning behavior were investigated. The learning profile can be employed and analyzed systematically to obtain the impact on learning of activities and material characteristics. It is helpful for teachers to design and modify teaching systems.