金門野戰醫院之個案研究

A Case Study on Kinmen Field Hospitals

王宏男(Hung-Nan Wang)

《科學與人文研究》 9卷2期 (2022/02) Pp. 39-73

https://doi.org/10.6535/JSH.202202_9(2).0003

摘要

金門戰地政務時期，是地方學非常重要的研究項目，翻閱相關文獻竟缺少野戰醫院研究，而醫院本身卻是軍民無法抹滅的共同記憶。本文將採貝瑞岱比較教育研究法從1949至1992解除戰地政務，在近代金門遭受戰爭中，透過描述、比較、並列與解釋，試著回答金門各野戰醫院始建年代、規模大小、建築結構、保存完整性。經過普查後研究發現，金門地區共九座野戰醫院，分散在三座島嶼。首先在始建年代按時間排序發現東沙、大膽與尚義等野戰醫院最早設立，且小金門后頭野戰醫院最早被裁撤，又以尚義醫院計54年服役年限最為長久，僅九宮、黃厝、南雄與花崗石等四座醫院未遭受戰爭洗禮；次則規模大小發現，依等級劃分不同依序為：二級醫務所有二間為后頭與黃厝、二級野戰醫院有五間，分別為大膽、九宮、東沙、南雄、料羅等野戰醫院，三級野戰醫院為尚義與花崗石野戰醫院；建築結構分為坑道醫院四座位在大金門、小金門與大膽島、地上建物五座位在大金門與小金門；最後保存完整性發現，大膽、九宮、南雄、花崗石與尚義等醫院最為完整，后頭、黃厝與料羅醫院次之，東沙醫院損毀最為嚴重。藉由研究發現，建議政府應重視地方軍事史蹟的管理維護與保存，才不致年久失修、損毀而破壞殆盡。

關鍵字

戰地政務 ； 國光計畫 ； 金門野戰醫院

並列摘要

The military administration period of Kinmen is a critically important research topic in localogy. However, a literature review reveals an absence of studies on field hospitals. Hospitals per se are indelible memories shared by the military and civilians. In this study, Bereday's comparative method in education was used to examine wartime Kinmen from 1949 to 1992, the year when the military administration was abolished. Through description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison, the study attempts to provide further information on various Kinmen field hospitals, including the year of founding, hospital size, architectural structure, and archaeological integrity. A general investigation found that there were a total of nine field hospitals in Kinmen, which were distributed across three islands. Sorting the hospitals by the year of founding, the study discovered the following: Pratas, Dadan, and Shangyi field hospitals were the first to be constructed, while Lesser Kinmen Houtou field hospital was the first to be demolished; Shangyi Hospital remained in service for the longest period (54 years); only Jiugong, Huangtso, Nanhsiung, and Huagangshi Hospitals were unaffected by war. As regards hospital size, the study found that there were two secondary medical centers (Houtou and Huangtso), five secondary field hospitals (Dadan, Jiugong, Pratas, Nanhsiung, and Liaoluo), and two tertiary field hospitals (Shanyi and Huagangshi). In terms of architectural structure, four were tunnel hospitals, located across Greater Kinmen, Lesser Kinmen, and Dadan islands, and five were aboveground buildings, located in Greater Kinmen and Lesser Kinmen. Lastly, archaeological integrity results showed that Dadan, Jiugong, Nanhsiung, Huagangshi, and Shangyi hospitals remained the most intact, followed by Houtou, Huangtso, and Liaoluo hospitals, whereas Pratas Hospital suffered the most severe destruction. Based on the research findings, the study suggests that the government should pay attention to the management, maintenance, and preservation of local military historical sites so that they do not fall into disrepair, damage, and complete destruction.

並列關鍵字

military administration ； Project National Glory ； Kinmen field hospitals

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