麥肯錫「金字塔原理」應用於五專口語表達教學之研究

好的語文表達能力包含擷取歸納訊息、掌握論點、有邏輯地口語陳述與表達，這些能力在偏重閱讀寫作能力的傳統語文教學中不易有效培養，本教學採用企業內部訓練經典理論－麥肯錫「金字塔原理」－設計創新教材及教學流程，建立一套易於操作的教學模式，讓學生能透過想清楚進而說明白，完成高品質口頭報告，培養職場核心能力。本教學模式創新特色有三：第一、提升表達能力從最前端的材料處理著手，採用「金字塔原理」訓練學生有效思考及製作具邏輯性簡報，搭配表達技巧練習，從「腦中」思考到「口中」表達一氣呵成；第二、教材主題結合學生技職專業背景，提升學生學習興趣及專業表達能力；第三、使用Rubrics評分量表，搭配「同儕互評」和「即時回饋」強化反饋效果。教學成果研究採取口語表達前後測比較觀察法，並配合問卷調查進行反思及回饋，觀察學生表達能力變化。而從結果分析顯示：以「金字塔原理」設計口語表達教學可有效降低演說恐懼感，提升學生口語表達自信心，簡報製作及整體表達能力也得到顯著改善，未來若能持續應用在個人專業領域上，必能有效提升專科學生的專業軟實力和就業競爭力。

關鍵字

口語表達能力；金字塔原理；簡報製作；評分量尺；五專創新教學

並列摘要

Good verbal expression skills include capturing and summarizing information, presenting arguments, and logically speaking and expressing. These abilities are not efficiently developed in traditional Chinese teaching, which emphasizes mostly the reading ability. Therefore, this teaching adopts the classic concept of corporate internal training, McKinsey's ＂Pyramid Principle,＂ and designs innovative teaching materials and established a teaching process that is easy to follow so that students can clearly understand and express themselves by completing high-quality oral reports and cultivate their core competence in the workplace. There are three innovative features in the teaching model. First, it enhances the expressive ability with the front-end materials by using the ＂Pyramid Principle＂ to train students to effectively think and create logical briefings. It also comes with expression skill training and practice so students can smoothly transfer their thinking to expression. Secondly, the textbook considers the vocational background of students' professional skills and tries to enhance their learning interest and professional expression skills. Thirdly, the Rubrics rating scale, peer assessment and instant feedback is applied in the assessment of their verbal expression to enhance their feedback. The research adopts the pre-test and the post-test of students' speaking and compares the results. We also use questionnaires to investigate the differences of specific learning items and to observe the growth and changes of students ' competence. The results indicate that this teaching method can effectively reduce the students' fear of speaking and improve students' confidence in verbal expression. The ability to produce briefings and overall verbal expression has also been significantly improved. If this can be continuously applied in their professions in the future, they will be able to effectively improve the professional soft power and employment competitiveness of junior college students.