以經營佛教社會企業方式修行佛法

Practice Dharma by Running a Buddhist Social Enterprise

黃運喜(HUANG, Yunshi)

《人間佛教研究》 10期 (2020/05) Pp. 62-87

摘要

佛教信眾可分為出家與在家信眾，佛陀為讓出家眾安心修道，禁止出家人經營事業以賺取利潤，對於在家居士，則允許如《雜阿含經》所說「營生之業者，田種行商賈，牧牛羊興息，邸舍以求利。」以及「善男子種種工巧業處以營生，謂種田、商賈，或以王事，或以書疏算畫。於彼彼工巧業處精勤修行，是名方便具足。」佛陀所允許居士經營的事業，都是屬於「正命」的事業。現代的事業經營者往往為追求利潤之最大化，在經營手法上採取資本主義商業的運作模式，非但無法面面俱到的照顧生產者、消費者、弱勢族群等，甚至還造成嚴重剝削。身為一位佛弟子，將佛法應用到事業經營，又能照顧到生產者、消費者、弱勢族群等的佛教社會企業，也許是最佳的選擇。本文以作者所創辦的「大千佛教文化社會企業」為例，探討以經營佛教社會企業方式修行佛法是否可行。

關鍵字

佛教社會企業 ； 八正道 ； 菩薩道 ； 大千佛教文化社會企業

並列摘要

Buddhist disciples can be either monks or lays. In order to ensure peace of mind, the Buddha forbids monks from running businesses to make a profit. Lay people are, however, allowed to do so as per the Saṃyukta Āgama Sutta: ＂People can work as farmers, businessmen, cattlemen, shepherds, carpenters for profit.＂ And ＂wholesome guys engaged with different types of professions for profit such as farming, business, ruling, writing, painting, or accounting. We call it ＂accomplishment of skillful means＂ if one works diligently in whatever profession he/she is engaged with.＂ The businesses that the Buddha allowed lay people to operate are all known as ＂right livelihood.＂ Businessmen nowadays adopt the capitalist business model and aim at pursuing the maximum profits. They not only fail to take care of their producers, consumers, the disadvantaged ethnic groups, and so on, but also cause severe exploitation. As a Buddhist disciple, it is perhaps one of the best choices to take care of the afore-mentioned groups by incorporating Buddhadharma into the business operations. Taking ＂Darchen Buddhist Cultural and Social Enterprise＂ as an example, this article aims to explore on the feasibility of applying the practice of Buddhadharma into the running of a Buddhist social enterprise.

並列關鍵字

Buddhist social enterprise ； Eightfold Path ； Bodhisattva Path ； Darchen Buddhist Cultural and Social Enterprise