國家機器與臺灣石化業的發展

The State and the Development of Taiwan's Petrochemical Industry

王振寰(Jenn-Hwan Wang)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 18期 (1995/02) Pp. 1-37

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199502.0001

摘要

本研究的問題是，在臺灣石化業的發展過程中，國家機器到底扮演著什麼角色以及如何轉化。本文的主要發現是國家機器在石化業發展初期並未扮演領導的角色，這樣的角色是在1970年代之後才出現。但是國家機器外石化業的政策曾經在1980年代初期有過重大轉變，即不再將石化業視為策略性工業。然而這樣的政策面臨來自石化業龐大資本的壓力，也引起國家機器內部科技官僚和與石化業資本關係密切的官僚之間的矛盾。1985年之後，新的內閣形成，石化產業又再度成為策略性工業，極力配合資本主的利益。但是由於臺灣整體社會的自向化和民主化的關係，各種社會運動和環保自立救濟事件不斷興起，使得資本主以外移的方式壓迫國家機器。1990年代，一個新的政商關係已經形成，國家機器全力配合資本的投資跟隨資本起舞。本文以Evans的「鑲嵌的自主性」性概念解譯國家機器領導和組織石化業來說明國家機器的角色。而在國家機器角色轉化的部份，本文則以石化資本的影響力，以及國家機器內部的不同派系解釋。

關鍵字

國家機器 ； 石化業 ； 鑲嵌的自主性 ； 産業政策

並列摘要

The main task of this paper is to investigate the role of state in the development of Taiwan's petrochemical industry. The major findings of this paper are first, the state played a leading and organizing role in the 1970s Second, this leading role was given up by the state in the early 1980s. However, the bureaucrats who managed the state-and party-invested petrochemical enterprises. Third, the fact that the latter faction of the state in gaining power in the reorganization of the state bureaucracy in 1985 led the state to reformulate the development policy in which the petrochemical industry regained the status of the strategic industry. Fourth, this policy however met the challenge from the civil society. But the petrochemical capitalists were able to use their veto power to influence the state. In 1990s, the state's role in the petrochemical industry is to follow rather than to lead the capitalists. In this paper, Evans' ”embedded autonomy” is used to explain the role of the state in organizing the industry. The transformation of the role of the state is also explained by the factors of the rising power of the capitalists and the internal tension between the technocrats and the state bourgeoisie.

並列關鍵字

the state ； the petrochemical industry ； embedded autonomy ； industrial policy