「以子女爲中心」和擔心子女輸在起跑點的父母教養心態與親子處境之探究

An Exploration of "Children Centered" and "Parental Anxiety about Their Children Losing at the Starting Point" in Child-Rearing Mentalities and Relationships between Parents and Children

趙蕙鈴(Hui-Lin Chao)

《家庭教育與諮商學刊》 10期 (2011/06) Pp. 31-62

https://doi.org/10.6472/JFEC.201106.0031

摘要

本文從現代家庭愈來愈以孩童爲中心，旨在探討父母的教養觀特徵，以及理解父母的教養心態樣貌和親子處境。「直升機父母」是一個可以做爲探索的指標，同時也出現「擔心子女輸在起跑點」的教養思維，故探討之。以群集抽樣方法選取樣本，並以問卷調查法、次級文獻分析法和實地訪談法收集資料。問卷資料以SPSS統計軟體編碼並分析，在效度良好下進行因素分析，並萃取出七種教養導向，分別命名爲雙向溝通、權威、子女宜多才多藝、表達關愛、放手子女自立、積極參與和代理。以上述因子爲自變項，運用迴歸分析法找出適合預測父母教養導向的因素。研究發現：(1)子女宜多才多藝、表達關愛和權威最能預測父母擔心子女輸在起跑點，前兩者也適合用來預測父母能否肯定自己的能力；(2)雙向溝通最能預測父母對親子關係的發展是否充滿信心。探討後發現，父母認爲愛孩子就是讓其發展得「更好」，因而產生許多商業化的親職作爲、代理子女處理事務、不能太嚴厲、必須表達關愛等教養導向，並期待雙向溝通的親子關係。這正是現代父母在擔心孩子輸在起跑點時，因不能嚴厲要求，遂產生了表達關愛、孩子打理很多事、期待良好親子溝通等教養方式。然實際上則是經常過度期待子女的學習成就，同時又缺乏陪伴的時間。因此，本文所看到的親職認知、教養心態與行爲，有助於理解父母難爲、孩子課業壓力大與愈來愈不快樂等處境。

關鍵字

直升機父母 ； 教養心態 ； 教養行爲 ； 擔心子女輸在起跑點 ； 父母難爲

並列摘要

The overall purpose of this study was to explore the child-rearing values and mentalities in modern families. The 'Helicopter Parents' and 'Parents worry that their children lose the race at the starting line' could be obvious indexes to explore it. This paper focuses on the phenomenon of ”helicopter parents” and ”parental anxiety about their children losing at the starting point.”Firstly, the data was collected by the cluster sample, the method of questionnaire and literature analysis. Secondly, this study utilized seven approaches of child-rearing values by using factor analysis in SPSS, and those were ”inter-communication,” ”authority,” ”versatile child,” ”tender solicitude,” ”let child go independently,” ”actively participate,” and ”on behalf of their child.” Thirdly, ”versatile child,” ”tender solicitude,” and ”authority” were the valid variables in the regression model of the ”parental anxiety about their children losing at the starting point;” ”versatile child” and ”tender solicitude” were the valid variables in the regression model of the ”parents who are self-affirmed of their parenting abilities.” On the other side, the ”inter-communication” was the only valid variable in the regression model of the ”satisfaction of relationships between parents and children”.This study explored the thoughts and practices of these parents under these three regression models. To sum up, parents used one method to express their ”love,” that is, they tried their best to provide children a lot of chances for their children to become successful in the future. Therefore, parenting was developed into a more commercializing way. Parents did not usually rear children severely under this kind of ”love” and expectation; rather, they tended to express their tender solicitude, on behalf of their child, and expected inter-communication with their children at the same time. These values and mentalities were the psychosocial foundation of difficult parenting and devoted parents in some modern families.

並列關鍵字

Helicopter Parents ； child-rearing mentalities ； practices of child-rearing ； parental anxiety about their children losing at the starting point ； difficult parenting

參考文獻

丁淑卿(1990)。做個稱職的父母。台北:遠流。

丁嘉琳(2008)。如何做健康的「直升機父母」。天下雜誌。410，200-203。

井敏珠(1991)。今日社會的親子關係。師友月刊。37(2)，149-167。

內政部(2002)。九十年台閩地區兒童生活狀況調查。台北：內政部統計資訊服務網。線上檢索日期：99年5月10日。網址：http://www.cbi.gov.tw 。

王先堂(2007)。GPS全面監控，父母無所不在。聯合報 ，2007.11.04，A17版。