魔術愛好者的深度休閒資訊行為研究

在國內的魔術領域，由各大專院校的社團作為出發點，孕育了許多的魔術愛好者，其中，許多的魔術愛好者一次又一次的展示其不遜色於職業者的表現，而細究魔術表演的特性，即來自資訊的不對等而產生，是一種由於觀眾不了解秘密而產生的表演藝術，而令人好奇的是，究竟這些非職業者獲獎者是透過什麼樣的方式成功？其資訊世界又與一般的愛好者什麼樣的差異？至此，本研究希望通過結合「深度休閒」的理論出發，觀察非職業魔術表演者的群體的資訊世界，研究目的包括以下四項：（1）探討並建構魔術愛好者在深度休閒概念下的資訊行為模式。（2）探討具備魔術表演成就的魔術愛好者，其資訊行為會有何種特質。（3）探討魔術愛好者所接觸的社團關係對其資訊行為的影響。（4）探討資訊行為對業餘魔術師與魔術嗜好者涉及的深度休閒效益之影響。本研究使用深度訪談法，基於深度休閒理論，將魔術愛好者以成就表現區分為「具成就表現的業餘魔術師」與「不具成就表現的魔術嗜好者」作為訪談對象，探討的資訊行為內涵包括動機、情境、資訊需求、來源管道、評估原則與資訊活動，參考相關文獻與前測後完成主要研究工具「魔術愛好者訪談大綱」，共訪談業餘魔術師8名，魔術嗜好者10名，共計18名受訪者。本研究共得結論共十一項，包括：（1）魔術愛好者的資訊行為，會受到各種動機與其衍伸的情境，以及情境中的資訊需求、資訊活動環節影響。（2）魔術愛好者的動機是具備變動性質的，會受到各種因素引發成就導向。（3）在魔術愛好者之中，業餘魔術師的動機相較魔術嗜好者而言，具備更多「創新」取向，進而影響資訊行為的整體差異。（4）魔術愛好者之間對於魔術學習情境中的「練習」，概念上具有差異性。（5）業餘魔術師所接觸的魔術同儕階層，相對而言會提供更多的魔術知識與啟發的可能性。（6）魔術愛好者的資訊評估機制，相對而言更重視關係性而非參考權威。（7）魔術愛好者的資訊活動具有「測試」的類型，同時兩個群體間資訊活動類型的差異不大，但其背景脈絡仍有差異性。（8）業餘魔術師的獲獎因素同樣會建立在資訊行為模式的差異之上。（9）社團可以透過資源供給與人脈延伸兩種特性，提供魔術愛好者在資訊需求上的滿足，也可以透過生活參與的特性，提供高度社交滿足，同時可以以此協助魔術愛好者度過資訊行為中的困境。（10）魔術的知識傳遞在如今仍具有一定程度的封閉性。（11）業餘魔術師與魔術嗜好者隨時間涉入的深度休閒效益，在知識與經驗的表達與獲取上具有相對較明顯的落差，也會受到參與者所處在的資訊環境所影響。針對結果，本研究分別針對三種角色提供建議，建議魔術愛好者多嘗試接觸高階魔術資訊擁有者，增加魔術資訊接觸可能性，並嘗試不同的練習方式；建議魔術資訊提供者設計更多元的資訊面向支援，如音樂推薦或表演技巧等主題性網站；對於圖書館，則可嘗試建立魔術圖書機構，透過小型討論等聚會來推動。未來研究建議則可新增不同魔術專業性質比較；針對職業者進行研究，並將結果與本研究比較；更深刻的探討魔術愛好者背景異質性因素；針對更多類似魔術領域的「封閉」社群，做進一步的資訊行為調查；嘗試討論資訊行為對於深度休閒效益的影響面向，並建立量化的衡量指標。

關鍵字

深度休閒；魔術；嗜好者；業餘者；資訊行為

並列摘要

In Taiwan, a lot of magic lovers have been bred by the clubs of colleges and universities. Among them, many magic lovers show its performance inferior to professionals, and examine the characteristics of magic performance, that is, from the information asymmetry, it is a performance art that is produced because the audience does not know the secret. Curiously, how did these non-professional winners succeed? What is the difference between its information world and the average enthusiast? So far, this research hopes to observe the information world of the group of non-professional magic performers by combining the theory of "serious leisure". The research objectives include the following four: (1) Explore and construct the information behavior pattern of magic lovers under the concept of serious leisure. (2) Discuss the characteristics of the information behavior of magic lovers with magic performance achievements. (3) Discuss the influence of the clubs of magic lovers on their information behavior. (4) Explore the impact of information behavior on the serious leisure benefits involved by amateur magicians and magic hobbyists. This study uses in-depth interviews. Based on the theory of serious leisure, the performance of magic lovers is divided into "amateur magician" with achievement performance and "magic hobbyists" without achievement performance as the interview subjects. The connotations of information behaviors discussed include motivation, situation, information needs, information channels, evaluation principles and information activities, referring to relevant literature and completing the main research tool "Magic Lovers’ Interview Outline" after pre-testing, interviewed 8 amateur magicians, 10 magic hobbyists, with a total of 18 respondents. This study has the following eleven conclusions: (1) The information behavior of magic lovers will be affected by various motivation and their derived situations, as well as the information needs and information activities in the situation. (2) The motivation of magic lovers will be of a changing nature and will be guided by achievements caused by various factors. (3) Among magic lovers, amateur magicians have more "innovative" orientations than magic hobbyists, which in turn affects information behavior. (4) The "practice" of magic learning situations among magic lovers is conceptually different. (5) The magic peers contacted by amateur magicians will relatively provide more magic knowledge and the possibility of inspiration. (6) The information evaluation mechanism of magic lovers, relatively speaking, pays more attention to relation than reference authority. (7) The information activities of magic lovers have the type of "testing". At the same time, the types of information activities between the two groups are not very different, but their backgrounds are still different. (8) The winning factors of amateur magicians will also be based on differences in information behavior patterns. (9) The community can provide the satisfaction of magic lovers with information needs through resource supply and network extension. It can also provide a high degree of social satisfaction through the characteristics of life participation. At the same time, it can help magic lovers to overcome the difficulties in information behavior. (10) The knowledge dissemination of magic still has a certain degree of closure today. (11) The serious leisure benefits involved by amateur magicians and magic hobbyists over time have a relatively obvious gap in the expression and acquisition of knowledge and experience, and are also affected by the information environment in which the participants are located. Based on the results, this study provides suggestions for three roles. It is recommended that magic lovers try to contact high-level magic information owners, increase the possibility of magic information contact, and try different practice methods; it is recommended that magic information providers design more diverse information for supporting, such as theme websites of music recommendation or performance skills; for libraries, you can try to set up a magic information institution and promote it through small discussions and other gatherings. Future research suggestions can add a comparison of the nature of different magic professions; conduct research on professionals and compare the results with this study; explore the background heterogeneity factors of magic lovers more deeply; target more "closed" community similar to the magic’s community, do further information behavior surveys; try to discuss the impact of information behavior on the benefits of deep leisure, and establish quantitative metrics.