中國優秀桌球運動員壓力來源與因應策略

Sources of Stress and Coping Strategies in Chinese Elite Table-Tennis Players

陳靜(Jing Chen) ； 陳音容(Ying-Jung Chen) ； 洪聰敏(Tsung-Min Hung)

《北體學報》 13期 (2005/12) Pp. 39-53

摘要

過去曾有學者指出運動員過大的心理壓力不但剝奪了運動員的生理能量、勝利，也同時奪去了運動的樂趣；壓力也能推毀運動員的自信，更甚至會導致運動員的受傷及提早退休。在心理壓力的影響力如此之大的情況下，了解運動員的壓力來源及其有效之因應策略，相形之下更顯重要。本研究採用半結構式個別深度訪談進行資料蒐集，以期深入瞭解優秀桌球運動員的壓力來源及其因應策略。本研究以10名中國最頂尖及重點培訓之桌球選手（男6、女4）為研究對象，在資料收集期間，研究參與者皆處於積極備戰2002年釜山亞運的訓練狀態，訪談時間為30-60分鐘。經內容分析與歸類後結果如下：一、壓力來源依序為：競賽的壓力、訓練的壓力、社會期望與評價、同儕競爭、自我期許、及人際溝通等六項。二、壓力因應策略使用比例依序為：社會支持、思想控制、專注於當下、賽前心理準備、及加強人際溝通等五大項。

關鍵字

桌球 ； 壓力來源 ； 壓力因應策略

並列摘要

It had been mentioned that excessive psychological stress robs the physical energy, success and enjoyment away from athletes. Stress can also destroy athletes' confidence and may cause injuries and earlier retirement. As we know that stress can widely affect athletes, it is important to understand sources of stress and the coping strategies in sport. A semi- structured in-depth interview was utilized to explore elite table tennis players' sources of stress and the coping strategies. Ten world ranked table tennis players (6 male and 4 female) from China were interviewed during the preparation for 2002 Asian Game. The duration for interviews was 30-60 minutes for each player. The interview data was analyzed with the content analysis method and grouped into themes by an inductive manner. The results showed that as for sources of stress, pressure from competition and training, social expectation and evaluation, peer competition, self-expectation, and communication are the major sources of stress for these athletes. The most widely used coping strategies include social support, thought control, focus, precompetition preparation, and interpersonal communication.

並列關鍵字

table tennis ； sources of stress ； coping strategies

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