身體質量指數對健康飲食習慣的影響

近年來，台灣的肥胖問題已成為一個嚴重的公共衛生議題，根據 2019 年國民健康署公布的「國民營養健康狀況變遷調查結果」，我國成人過重及肥胖的比率已經來到 47.97％。此外，世界肥胖聯盟（World Obesity Federation）公布的資料也顯示台灣肥胖盛行率綜合排名位居亞洲第四。過去有許多文獻探討飲食習慣對身高體重指數（Body Mass Index, BMI）的影響，然而較少有針對 BMI如何影響個人健康飲食習慣的研究，了解BMI對健康飲食習慣的影響是一個重要的議題因為它對國民營養及健康飲食的設計及推動有重要的意涵。本研究使用「國民營養健康調查結果分析與籌備暨飲食營養改善與偵察計畫Ⅱ」之調查資料，並以一般化傾向分數配對法來分析BMI對健康飲食的影響。實證結果顯示，BMI「過輕」和「正常」範圍之受測者的 BMI 愈高，健康飲食習慣的採納比例就愈多，然而 BMI「過重」和「肥胖」範圍之受測者的 BMI 愈高，大部分的健康飲食習慣的採納比例卻愈少。

關鍵字

BMI ；健康飲食； Generalized Propensity Score

並列摘要

Obesity has become a serious public health issue in recent years in Taiwan. According to the National Nutrition and Health Status Change Survey, conducted by the National Health Agency in 2019, the adult overweight and obesity rate reached 47.97%. The data from the World Obesity Federation also showed that Taiwan’s obesity rate ranks fourth in Asia. While abundant studies have examined the effect of healthy diet on body mass index, few studies focus on the impact of body mass index on healthy diet. A better understanding of the impact of body mass index on healthy diet is important because it can provide implications for the design and promotion of national nutrition and healthy diet. Using data from the “Establishing Infrastructure for the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, Planning the 2010-2015 Survey, and Nutrition Improvement Programs (II)”, I apply a generalized propensity score matching method to examine the impact of BMI on healthy diet. In general, the results show that as BMI increases, the likelihood of healthy diet decreases for people who are underweight or normal. However, for people who are overweight or obese, the likelihood of healthy diet decreases as BMI increases.