Multicenter Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus Pyogenes, Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Haemophilus Influenzae, and Moraxella Catarrhalis to 14 Oral Antibiotics

多中心分離之Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae,和Moraxella catarrhalis對十四種口服抗生素抗藥性監測

薛博仁(Po-Ren Hsueh) ； 黃文貴(Wen-Kuei Huang) ； 石建民(Jainn-Ming Shyr) ； 劉有增(Yeu-Jun Lau) ； 劉永慶 (Yung-Ching Liu) ； 陸坤泰(Kwen-Tay Luh)

《Journal of the Formosan Medical Association》 103卷9期 (2004/09) Pp. 664-670

https://doi.org/10.29828/JFMA.200409.0001

並列摘要

Background and Purpose: Data on the in vitro activities of orally administered cephalosporins, particularly thirdgeneration cephalosporins, against recent pathogens responsible for community-respiratory tract infection are lacking.
Methods: A susceptibility surveillance of 267 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 205 of Streptococcus pyogenes, 204 of Haemophilus influenzae, and 147 of Moraxella catarrhalis to 14 oral antimicrobial agents using the agar dilution method was carried out from March 2002 to October 2002 in Taiwan.
Results: High rates of non-susceptibility to penicillin (60%), cefaclor (67%), cefuroxime (62%), cefpodoxime (64%), clarithromycin (91%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (98%) for S. pneumoniae isolates and high rates of nonsusceptibility to ampicillin (70%), clarithromycin (34%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (63%) for H. influenzae isolates were found. The rank order of oral cephalosporin activity based on the minimum concentrations at which
90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90s) for S. pneumoniae was cefpodoxime ＞ cefuroxime ＞ cefixime ＞ cefaclor, cephradine ＞ cephalexin and for H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis was cefixime ＞ cefpodoxime ＞ cefuroxime ＞ cefaclor ＞ cephalexin, cephradine. Among the 75 S. pneumoniae isolates resistant to penicillin (MICs ranged 2 to 4 mg/L), 4% were intermediate to amoxicillin and ＞ 90% were resistant to cefaclor, cefuroxime, and cefpodoxime. For S. pyogenes isolates, all were susceptible to penicillin, 21% were not susceptible to clarithromycin and 4% were not susceptible to clindamycin. Thirty four percent of H. influenzae isolates were not susceptible to clarithromycin. The MIC90 of clarithromycin against M. catarrhalis isolates was 0.5 mg/L.
Conclusions: Cefpodoxime, cefixime, and cefuroxime are promising agents against these bacterial pathogens, except for penicillin-non-susceptible S. pneumoniae isolates.

並列關鍵字

Drug resistance ； antimicrobial ； Haemophilus influenzae ； Moraxella catarrhalis ； Streptococcus pneumoniae ； Streptococcus pyogenes