整合正逆向物流多期配送網路模式之研究

物流活動是企業獲得競爭優勢來源，傳統企業創造價值思考模式，來自單向的正向物流，以供應鏈循環角度來看，應該包括逆物流（reverse logistics），以提供完整供應體系管理，而傳統對於處理正逆向物流，多以單一期程為探討基礎。本研究整合正逆向物流，應用禁忌搜尋法（Tabu Search），以鮮乳配送產業為例，設計多期配送網路，以作業成本中車輛固定成本、車輛變動成本與物流中心回收產品的存貨成本，建構總成本目標函數，求解過程分為兩個階段：第一階段應用節省法快速建構初始解，第二階段運用途程改善與回收需求指派改善模組，進行初始解改善，以求出近似最佳解。本研究以三個模擬實驗，驗證模式正確性與效率性，第一個實驗，以小型題組上，驗證本研究模式，發現與最佳化軟體Lingo 8.0執行結果相同；第二個實驗，探討不同正逆向物流配送比例的影響，結果發現，當在一規劃期程中正逆向物流配送比例為50％時，可以得到最大效益；最後一個模擬實驗，探討多期處理逆物流需求效益，結果發現多期處理模式，相較於單期模式，均可提供較佳的巡行途程。最後，並提出一些實務應用與後續研究方向。

關鍵字

車輛途程問題；逆物流；禁忌搜尋法

並列摘要

The logistic activities create value for business. Traditional value-added process is a one-way (forward) logistic. However, in the perspective of the whole cycle of the supply chain, reverse logistic have to be considered as well. This study proposes a multi-period distribution model for integrated forward and reverse logistic. The objective function includes three parts, namely vehicle fixed cost, vehicle variable cost and inventory cost. Using the tabu-search algorithm achieves nearly optimal routes for vehicles. The process of tabu-search includes two stages, firstly to get the initial solution then to improve it with inter-route and intra-route stage. To validate the proposed model, there were three simulation experiments to be conducted. First, this study used small examples as data to conduct simulation experiments. The results shown that in case of small size problem, there is no difference with Lingo 8.0 solution. The second experiment aims to explore the effect of ratio of forward and reverse logistic activity. The result shows that 50% is the optimal ratio for integrated logistics. The third experiment aims to compare with one-period in dealing with reverse logistic. The results demonstrated that multi-period model reduce the travel distance significantly.

並列關鍵字

Multi-period vehicle route problem ； Reverse logistic ； Tabu search

國際替代計量

整合正逆向物流多期配送網路模式之研究

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