中共核武發展與其對外關係之演變－冷戰時期（五○至八○年代）

PRC's Nuclear Force Development and the Evolution of Its External Relations: In the Cold War Era

陳世民(Shih-Min Chen)

《中國大陸研究》 46卷6期 (2003/11) Pp. 29-57

https://doi.org/10.30389/MCS.200311_46(6).0002

摘要

中共之核武發展對其外關係的影響，在美、蘇各國及中共本身均有意
予以淡化的情況下，一直是被忽略的因素。中共在七○年代末以前，由於核
武的易毀，故一直存有預先手術清除其核武之攻擊的威脅。這在六○年代末
以前，唯一有能力的美、蘇可能均有此興趣，而存有共同利益，亦導致中共
對美、蘇勾結對付中共的疑慮。到了七○年代初，隨著中共核武對美、蘇之
威脅程度的差距日大，及戰略均勢時代的來臨，美國開始重視中共的獨立戰
略價值，中共亦需要美國可能的間接保護，這多少影響七○年代初美「中」
關係正常化的開展、戰略三角的形成及中共在其中角色的扮演。八○年代初
以後，中共核武報復能力的逐漸獲得，使之不須在過於依賴美國的間接保護；
而得以威脅美國本土之核武實力的開使獲致，亦給予蘇聯利用中共制衡美國
的機會。這亦有助促進中共和蘇聯關係正常化的開展，及採取獨立自主的外
交。ABM條約的廢除，則令北京擔憂美國是否將因而再度獲致對中共發動第
一擊的能力。

關鍵字

中共核武中共外交 ； 中美關係 ； 中蘇關係 ； 戰略三角

並列摘要

United States, Russia, PRC and other countries’ intention to undermine PRC’s nuclear force development’s affect towards its external relations, had ben the main cause of this issue’s long-term neglect. Dut to Chinese nuclear frces’ easily destruction and unsteadiness, before the end of 1970’s, PRC holds the threat of preemptive surgical strike towards it’s nuclear force. Before
the late 1960’s the U.S and Russia had the ability and interest to strike, which gave the PRC reason to fear the possible collusion by two superpowers to attack. Not until the early 1970’s, the U.S begin to tske into account the PRC’s strategic position. The PRC’s dependeb on the U.S for indirect protection, af-
fecting the development of U.S-China normalization in the 1970’s,and the for-mation of a strategic triangle. After the early 1980’s, the PRC gradually attauned nuclear wepons and no longer required indirect protection from the U.S. The PRC’s nuclear force also gained the ability to threat on U.S. territory. These
developments gave Moscow the chance to use the PRC to restrain the U.S. Which assisted in the to promoting of the PRC’s Russia relating adapting a More ingdependent diplomacy. The abolishment of Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty Had cause Peking governmet to worry whether U.S. will once again attain the Ability of first strike towards PRC.

並列關鍵字

Chinese e nuclear forces ； Chinese foreign policy ； Sino-AmericanRelations ； Sino-Soviet Relations ； Strategic trangle

參考文獻

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