待遣送外國人收容程序關於「續予收容」之司法實務審查基準分析

待遣送外國人之收容，過去為我國憲法下人身自由保護最受忽略的一章，在司法院釋字第708號、第710號解釋將諸多與憲法正當法律程序保障不相符之規定宣告違憲後，行政訴訟法與入出國及移民法相繼修正，確實在立法層面，填補外國人收容法制中關於人身自由保護之法律缺漏，法院也開始大量對於收容事件為司法審查，修法2年後，法院審理收容事件已累積作成大量裁定。其中續予收容係新法3種收容類型中收容期間最長、而法律要件卻最為概括之類型，同時也是司法實證下實務受理數量最多之事件類型，本文乃從法院所為續予收容裁定著手，分析修法前收容法制之「實體上法律要件不明確」與「程序上司法救濟不足」兩項缺失，是否能在修法後獲得實質之進步，並本於現行法之規定，以務實觀點界定司法實務就續予收容事件審查方法之操作基準，進一步就司法實務常見之裁定理由類型，提出意見。

關鍵字

入出國及移民法；待遣送外國人；續予收容；司法審查基準；司法實證；人身自由

並列摘要

During 2013, Judicial Yuan Interpretation No.708 and No.710 are the milestone decisions involving the due process for the removal (deportation) action in Taiwan. In the matter of the incarceration, both cases struck down laws related to the undue detention of aliens in removal proceedings. They contributed to the amendments of the Code of Administrative Procedure in 2014 and Immigration Act in 2015. Although the new law provided the right that detained aliens are able to claim their liberty via a review in the Administrative Court, whether aliens can be detained in the continued detention period, one kind of incarceration under the new Immigration Act, is still not clearly specified in the statute itself. Insofar as the defects have existed in the text of the new law, it will make a lot of sense if the court can deal with the petitions of detained aliens in a systematic and pragmatic method. The test which the court adopt to review these cases therefore became a key point in the spectrum of detained aliens' legal rights in the current deportation process. Two years after the amendments, this article analyzed recent cases in the Administrative Court through an empirical legal study and suggested a standard of review based on the interpretation of the new law. It is argued that the establishment of a substantial review is a powerful and practical approach to protect the legal rights of detained aliens in removal proceedings.