膝關節積液的處置

臨床上，醫師對於病變關節合併腫脹積水的處理方式，除理學檢查外，會以非侵入性的超音波檢查（圖一），對腫脹程度做初步判讀的參考，並視情況施以抽吸積水或合併注射藥物。膝關節是最常見處理的部位，通常膝關節的抽吸與注射是爲了局部麻醉、診斷無法解釋的積水、引流感染的積液和藥物的注射。適當的治療感染的關節可以保護關節的健全，因此任何無法解釋的單一關節炎應該考慮給予關節穿刺術。本文將針對膝關節的抽吸與注射及其適應症、禁忌症和併發症做介紹。

關鍵字

膝關節；關節抽吸；積液

並列摘要

Ultrasound is frequently applied for the evaluation of the diseased knee joint with effusion. Aspiration with injection of selected drugs were undertaken when necessary. The aspiration of synovial fluid from joints and inflamed tendons or bursae fulfills an important role in the diagnosis of rheumatic disease. Removing the excess fluid can provide relief of symptoms and preserve the joint integrity. Intra-articular injections are import as therapeutic modalities employed to threat a wide range of musculoskeletal disease. The knee joint is the easiest joint to be aspirated and also the most common joint for aspiration. Common reasons for aspirating or injecting a knee include local anesthesia, diagnosis of an unexplained effusion, drain off infected fluid, or instill medication. In this article, we discuss the facts about knee aspiration and injection, including indications, contraindications and complications.