離子液體於電化學感測之應用

Ionic Liquids in Electrochemical Sensing

羅乃章(Nai-Chang Lo) ； 陳泊余(Po-Yu Chen)

《化學》 78卷1期 (2020/03) Pp. 3-19

https://doi.org/10.6623/chem.202003_78(1).001

摘要

離子液體由獨立的陰、陽離子所組成，具有低揮發性、化學與熱穩定性、離子導電性、不可燃性、寬廣的電位窗、呈現液態之溫度範圍寬廣等數種特有性質。更重要的，透過不同陰陽離子的組合或是其化學結構上的變化，可以調整離子液體的物理與化學性質。因此，化學家們可以依據自身特殊的需求，去組合或設計離子液體，故離子液體又常被稱之為設計者溶劑“designer solvent＂。目前已有著超過上萬種的離子液體可應用在各個領域當中。由於離子液體與生俱有導電性，常被應用於電化學相關研究。在此，將就目前離子液體的發展簡史以及在電化學感測，特別是於修飾電極的製備與應用上，向學界做一些簡單的介紹。

關鍵字

離子液體 ； 電化學 ； 修飾電極 ； 離子選擇電極 ； 碳糊電極 ； 複合電極 ； 氣體偵測 ； 石英晶體微天平

並列摘要

Ionic liquids are salts with melting points below 100 °C. Ionic liquids possess various unique properties, such as low volatility, high thermal and chemical stability, ionic conductivity, nonflammability, wide electrochemical window, and wide temperature range in liquid phase. More importantly, the physicochemical properties of ionic liquids can be manipulated by changing the compositions or modifying the chemical structures of cations and/or anions of ionic liquids. Therefore, chemists can combine different ionic liquids or design ionic liquids in accordance with their demands. Accordingly, ionic liquids are also called ＂designer solvents＂. Until now, there are tens of thousands of ionic liquids have been used in a variety of applications. Due to the intrinsic conductivity of ionic liquids, they have been widely used in electrochemically- related studies. Herein, the recent progress of ionic liquid development and the applications of ionic liquids in electrochemical sensing, especially for the preparation and utilization of modified electrodes, are collected in this minireview.

並列關鍵字

Ionic liquid ； Electrochemistry ； Modified electrodes ； Ion-selective electrode ； Carbon paste electrode ； Composite electrode ； Gas sensing ； Quartz crystal microbalance