花蓮區花卉產銷班夫妻分工及婦女參與農業推廣教育之探究

本研究旨在瞭解花蓮及宜蘭兩縣花卉農家夫妻參與家庭管理和農業經營之分工情形，以及探知婦女參與農業推廣教育之看法。資料蒐集以問卷調查法調查8個花卉產銷班52位班員，並以焦點團體法訪談42位班員之太太。研究發現如下：一、花卉農家婦女及其先生之年齡層大多數在49歲以下，教育程度以高中畢業以上者為多數，但均表示婦女很少參加班組、社團及農業推廣教育活動；然而，先生大多數支持太太參與自家農業經營工作。二、家庭型態以核心家庭居多數，大部分表示家人資源很重要，有絕大多數的人表示家庭收入不完全靠農業收入；在決策上，大多數的先生認為家庭管理是夫妻共同執行，農業經營則由先生執行；至於耕地面積以1公頃以下者為大多數，且借貸資金者亦佔大多數，而有半數以上表示未僱工亦未參加共同作業和共同運銷。三、夫妻皆表示家庭管理工作應該夫妻共同分擔，但實際上絕大多數仍是由太太獨自承擔家庭管理工作；農業經營工作幾乎以先生為主體，太太絕大部分全程參與，但以隨同先生做雜務工作為多；先生均肯定太太是必要的工作伙伴，婦女亦都支持先生的事業。四、夫妻工作時間均很長，即使在非農忙期平均每人每日亦需工作14.8小時以上，太太之工作時間顯現較先生為長，主要是花在家庭管理工作上；大多數先生認為太太在家庭管理工作上的份量有點重，農業經營方面則有半數表示不重，而婦女則絕大多數認為家庭管理和農業經營之工作承擔均很重。五、絕大多數的先生表示支持太太參加班組及研習活動，受訪婦女亦都認同有必要參加班組及研習活動；但卻由於工作太忙、小孩乏人照顧、會耽誤工作、不知道訊息、交通不方便、時間未能配合或認為有先生參加即可等之因素，所以受訪婦女曾參加者很少。六、幾乎所有的先生皆表示支持太太充實家庭管理和農業經營知識，但較偏重家庭管理知識方面，最希望太太充實的內容是教養子女、財務管理、行銷策略與市場資訊等；受訪婦女亦皆表示很需要學習，最需要的內容包含：教養子女、溝通技巧、插花、膳食營養、心理調適、行銷策略與市場資訊、病蟲害防治等。七、認為婦女參與農業推廣教育最有效的學習方式是參加觀摩會和講習會活動。

關鍵字

花卉產銷班；農家婦女；農業推廣教育

並列摘要

This study is designed to understand the status of husband and wife both in Hualien and Ilan Counties as flowers-planting farmers taking part in home management and agricultural operation through the division of labor and to ascertain the viewpoints of women taking part in the agricultural extension education. The information collection is based on the questionnaires to survey a total 52 members in 8 flowers production and marketing groups and on the focas group to visit the wives of 42 members.(1) Most of the flower-planting farmer-women and their husbands are aged under 49 and mostly possess high school graduates but these women seldom take part in the course, of community and agricultural extension education activities; however, a majority of their husbands support them participating in their own agricultural operations.(2) A majority of family pattern are core family and indicating that the resources of family members are very important, and an absolute majority of them indicate that their family income is not entirely depending on the agricultural income; in the field of making decision, most of husbands feel that the family management is performed by both husband and wife but the husband is in charge of agricultural operation; most of their farming land are less than one hectare, and a majority of them borrow capital and indicate that they have never employed any laborer and taken part in the joint operation and marketing.(3) Both husband and wife indicate that they should jointly share the task of family management, but in fact, the wife does it on her own in most cases as in the past; almost chiefly the husband is in charge of the task of agricultural operation in which the wife takes part all the way but assists him doing chores normally; the husband affirms his wife as a required working partner, and the wife also supports the business of her husband.(4) Working time of both husband and wife is very long, and even in the slack farming period, averagely each person has to work for more than 14.8 hours everyday, the wife's working time is apparently longer than that of her husband, it is mainly spent for family management; most of husbands feel that the task of their wives' family management is rather heavy, but one half of them indicate that in the field of agricultural operation, the work of their wives is not heavy, however, a majority of women feel that their work of family management and agricutural operation is very heavy.(5) A majority of husbands indicate supporting their wives to take part in the groups and training activities, and the women who are visited feel that it is necessary for them to participate in the groups and training activities; but these women seldom take part in these activities for these factors: work is too busy, nobody takes care of children, it will hinder other work, no information is available, traffic is inconvenient, it is not the right time or their husbands' participation therein is all right.(6) Almost all the husbands indicate that they support their wives to enrich their knowledge of family management and agricultural operation but emphasize that of family management, and they wish strongly that the contents of enriching their wives' knowledge are teaching and raising children, financial management, marketing strategy and market information; and the women who are visited indicate that they need learning very much, and the contents of learning most required by them include teaching and raising children, communicating skill, flower arrangement, meal nutrition, psychological adjustment, marketing strategy and market information as well as pest control.(7) They feel that the most effective learning method of women taking part in the agricultural extension education is to participate in the visiting and training activities.

並列關鍵字

Flowers production and marketing group ； Rural women ； Agricultural extension education

國際替代計量

花蓮區花卉產銷班夫妻分工及婦女參與農業推廣教育之探究

全文下載

主題瀏覽