初代SPF仔豬育成之疾病探討

Study on Diseases of Primary Specific pathogen Free(SPF) Piglets

徐久忠(Jeou-Jong Shyu) ； 張文發(Woon-Fa Chang) ； 龐飛(Victor Fei Pang) ； 翁仲男(Chung-Nan Weng)

《中華民國獸醫學會雜誌》 22卷4期 (1996/08) Pp. 245-255

https://doi.org/10.7009/JTCSVS.199608.0245

摘要

以剖腹產方式取得六批共508隻初生仔豬，於SPF實驗室內以不吃初乳、人工餵養方式進行餵飼實驗，以探討初代SPF仔豬育成的疾病發生。微生物檢驗中由正常糞便、下痢病材、皮膚病病例及死亡剖檢病例等分離到的細菌種類有Bacillu　spp.、Citrobacter freundi、Enterobacter agglomerans、Enterobacter cloacae、E.coli、Enterobacter sakazaki、Enterobacter spp.、Klebsiella ozaenae、Klebsiella pneumoniae、Klebsiella spp.、Proteus spp.、Pseudomonas cepacia、Pseudomonas spp.、Salmonella spp.、Staphylococcus epidermitis及Streptococcus spp.，該等細菌在商業化豬場的一般豬病上重要性並不大。此外，電顯檢查下痢病材亦發現有輪狀病毒。飼育期間共死亡77隻SPF仔豬，依其臨床疾病發生和病理檢查結果，可將其生長過程分成三個重要關鍵階段。其一為初生後1-2週，仔豬易因體弱、溫控系統不良及細菌感染而發病死亡。其二為第二批仔豬因飼養管理不良提早併欄而發生皮膚病，導致治療時藥物中毒或爾後的細菌感染而發病死亡。其三為仔豬3-4週齡斷奶時發生下痢問題，之後有散發性細菌感染導致發病死亡。本實驗中的下痢及爾後感染問題，部份可能導因於高床哺育室由外界引入空氣造成的污染。在適當的引用抗生素治療及完善的飼養管理制度下，初代SPF仔豬育成率可大為提高，此種經驗將可協助商業化SPF豬場的建立。

關鍵字

無特定病原仔豬

並列摘要

To study the diseases of primary SPF piglets, a total of 6 groups of 508 piglets were collected by cesarean-section and raised artificially in a SPF laboratory without feeding colostrum. Microbiologically, bacteria which were not important pathogens in swine diseases of commercial pig farms, including Bacillus spp., Citrobacter freundi, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, E. coli, Enterobacter sakazaki, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus epidermitis, and Streptococcus spp. were isolated from normal feces, specimens of diarrhea, cases of skin disease, and necropsy cases. In addition, rota virus was also detected in specimens of diarrhea by electron microscopy. Seventy-seven SPF piglets died during the experiment. Based on the clinical and pathological findings, it appeared that there were 3 important stages for artificial raising of SPF piglets. The first important stage was the period of the 1st and 2nd weeks after cesarean-section during which piglets frequently died of weakness, malfunction of temperature control, and infection. The second important stage was related to early grouping; owing to poor mangement, skin diseases occurred in the second group of piglets. Neguvon poisoning and later infection caused evident death of piglets in this group. The third important stage was at the age of 3-4 weeks old during which diarrhea developed while weaning; thereafter, sporadic bacterial infection caused death of piglets. In this study, the diarrhea and subsequent infections might have partially come from contaminated air outside the broader unit. Following proper use of antibiotics and institutional management, the production of primary SPF piglets can be successful. These experiences should be helpful in the establishment of commercial SPF pig farms in the future.

並列關鍵字

Specific pathogen free piglet