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非法藥物之鑑驗分析及流行病學調查

Testing and Epidemiological Investigations of Illegal Drugs

摘要


毒品鑑驗分析與流行病學調查是毒品防制上極為重要的基礎工程。本文首先探討目前在毒品鑑驗分析上的一些進展。在實驗技術方面,可作為篩檢之用為免疫檢驗法(包含酵素連結免疫吸附法與螢光極化反應免疫法),而氣相層析/質譜儀或串聯式質譜儀分析法則可做為驗證式檢測。而可用檢體除尿液外,其他替代性檢體的各種藥物檢驗技術也愈見成熟,包括汗液、唾液、與毛髮。其次,探討調查方法學上的進展,包括主動調查中對於自我陳報之準確性的瞭解、外展策略的應用、以及回應者引介抽樣法,以及被動調查和利用既存但不完整資料的捕獲-再捕獲估計法。再來則簡要探討已知的盛行率調查結果和相關危險因子或保護因子。最後則是展望未來,嘗試指出推動毒品防制時應優先予以建立的基礎工程。

並列摘要


Drug testing and epidemiological surveys are essential components in the prevention and intervention of illegal drug abuse. First, this article reviews the recent progress in drug testing. In terms of screening, immunoassay such as ELISA or fluorescence polarization immunoassay can be used as screening tools, whereas gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry is usually used as confirmatory. Alternate biological matrices other than urine include saliva, sweating, and hair. Second, the article reviews the advances in survey methodology, including the accuracy of self-report, outreach approach, and response driven sampling, and capture-recapture estimates. Third, the findings in the epidemiological studies of prevalence estimates and risk factors were summarized. Finally, perspectives in terms of the prevention and intervention of illegal drugs were addressed.

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