台灣農業生物科技產業的創新經營與競爭優勢之關聯性

Association between Innovation Management and Competitive Advantages of the Agricultural Bio-Tech Industry in Taiwan

黃秋蓮(Chiou-Lien Huang) ； 王俊豪(Jiun-Hao Wang)

《台灣農學會報》 13卷6期 (2012/12) Pp. 526-543

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.201212_13(6).0001

摘要

本研究旨在探討台灣農業生技廠商之創新經營對競爭優勢之影響。先將創新經營的投入與產出加以界定，創新投入由研發策略、技術能量及專利權數衡量，產出則是由廠商產品的年度產值衡量。採用t檢定與卡方檢定檢驗2005年農業生物科技產業調查之106家廠商的創新經營與競爭優勢之間的關聯性，藉此瞭解台灣農生技產業的近況。結果顯示我國農業生技廠商自評前三大競爭優勢為產品獨特性、研發獨特性、多元化產品；t檢定結果發現有無具備產品獨特性、研發獨特性、專利權數競爭優勢的廠商皆在公司平均成立年數和研發人數（%）兩項創新經營表現有顯著差異，而是否具備經驗豐富、行銷能力、研發獨特性競爭優勢的廠商分別在公司平均成立年數、研發人數（%）、商品化時間（月）之創新經營表現上有顯著差異。卡方分析結果發現研發人數與專利權數、多元化產品、企業網絡關係多有所關聯，而廠商有無具備國內專利、有無自行研發專利技術之要素在自評研發獨特性、專利權數上有顯著差異；另外，廠商之國外專利和公司產業類型皆與自評專利權數有關聯性，至於企業規模不同在產品獨特性、經驗豐富、行銷能力等有顯著差異；最後，是否由經濟部輔導會使產品獨特性、研發獨特性及經驗豐富有顯著差異。整體而言，農業生技廠商的創新經營中的各種投入、產出要素對於提升廠商的競爭優勢有不同影響，其中以公司成立時間、研發人員、商品化時間、專利、企業規模有較大的影響，未來我國在農生技產業的發展上需更重視與改善這些相關影響因素，有助於提升競爭能力。

關鍵字

農業生物科技 ； 創新經營 ； 競爭優勢

並列摘要

This paper aims to study the association between innovation management and competitive advantages among agricultural biotechnology firms in Taiwan. The inputs of innovative management are measured by R & D strategy, technology, capacity and the number of patents and outputs are measured by the annual production value of firms. T test and chi-square test were applied to examine the association between innovation management and competitive advantages of agricultural biotechnology industry in the Taiwan. Survey data including 106 agricultural biotechnology firms in 2005 were used for analysis.Empirical results found that the top three competitive advantages of agricultural biotechnology firms are product uniqueness, R & D uniqueness and product diversification. The results of the t test showed that product uniqueness, R & D uniqueness and numbers of patent influence the managing years and R & D employees (%). Other competitive advantages, like experience, marketing capability and R & D uniqueness also significantly affect managing years, R & D employees (%) and commercial duration respectively.The result of the chi square test found an association between product uniqueness and the inputs of innovative management, as measured by patents, product category and counseling. R & D personnel are associated with patent rights, product diversification and business networks. Patent rights have a close relationship with numbers of patents and technological development. In general, agricultural biotechnology firms employing innovative management exhibited better competitive advantage according to the following factors: (1) years of firm development; (2) numbers of R& D employees; (3) years of commercial activity; (4) patent rights; (5) firm size.

並列關鍵字

Agricultural biotechnology ； Innovation management ； Competitive advantages