個體在團體工作時的動機提升效應

The Group Motivation Gain Effect

李濟仲(Chi-Chung Lee) ； 廖主民(Chu-Min Liao)

《中華體育季刊》 26卷3期 (2012/09) Pp. 329-336

https://doi.org/10.6223/qcpe.2603.201209.1507

摘要

個體在團體工作時的動機，是影響團體生產力的關鍵，過去研究大多針對個體在團體中會有社會懈怠或是動機減弱的現象進行探討，而忽略了個體在團體工作時可能會有動機提升的現象產生，有別於此，Köhler效應則提供了我們如何提升個體在團體工作時的動機的思考方向。本文介紹Köhler的動機提升效應，並分析導致動機提升效應的機制以及可能影響此效應的調節因子，透過文獻評閱，本文也提供了動機提升效應的未來研究方向。

關鍵字

Köhler效應 ； 社會懈怠 ； 團體生產力 ； 動機流失 ； 團體動力學

並列摘要

An Individaul's motivation while working in the group is the key to group productivity. To date, the majority of researches pertaining to group motivation have focused on motivation loss effect, such as social loafing. However, the motivation gain effect has been neglected. Through literature review, this article introduces a group motivation gain effect (i.e. the Köhler effect), discusses the possible mechanisms and moderators, and offers some future research directions.

並列關鍵字

Köhler effect ； social loafing ； group productivity ； motivation loss ； group dynamics

參考文獻

Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum Press.

Feltz, D. L., Kerr, N. L., & Irwin, B. C. (2011). Buddy Up: The Köhler Effect Applied to Health Games. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 33, 506-526.

Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.

Hertel, G., Kerr, N. L., & Messé, L. A. (2000). Motivation gains in performance groups: Paradigmatic and theoretical developments on the Köhler effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 580-601.

Ingham, A. G., Levinger, G., Graves, J., & Peckham, V. (1974). The Ringelmann effect: Studies of group size and group performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10, 371-384.