滑稽與幽默：〈滑稽列傳〉的作意與價值初探

《史記》，是一部偉大的歷史鉅作和文學作品。讀《史記》，除了可見據筆直書，不虛美，不隱惡，實事求是的風格之外，〈滑稽列傳〉表現出太史公司馬遷另一寫作面向，這種風格頗類於西方所謂的「幽默」。〈滑稽列傳〉的寫作風格迥異於其他篇什，該篇究是純屬虛構之作？是諫書？抑或是寄寓身世之作？還是有其他目的？其創作意圖，頗耐人尋味。此外，〈滑稽列傳〉的外在文學形式頗類《莊子》寓言寓莊於諧、委婉諷諫的風格；內在價值觀則傳達了以幽默表現個人自信心的理念。它啟示了我們言語的功用極大，無論表達個人情思或與他人溝通，適切的用語與運用幽默，能彼此激勵處理危機。幽默的發揮可促進人際和諧、提高工作效率、增進身心健康，運用於治道影響更為深遠。通過理解〈滑稽列傳〉奇偉的作意，與分析觀察該篇外在形式美學與內在價值觀，可證〈滑稽列傳〉的寫作價值甚高。其次，現代人往往從經典汲取智慧，〈滑稽列傳〉中的人物所表現出幽默慧黠的言語與處世風格，對現代人際溝通表達，尤有積極的意義與啟發。

關鍵字

司馬遷；史記；滑稽列傳；寓言；幽默感

並列摘要

”Shihchi”, a great historical masterpieces and literary works. Reads ”Shihchi”, besides obviously according to very direct depict, no voluntary praise, not hidden wicked, realistic style, it has represented quick and charming another writing faces. This kind of style quite kind in west so-called ”humorous”. How does the historian Siam Quant write this kind of the style different with his work? Actually this is a sheer fabrication work, admonishes the book, or is stays work life experience? Its creation intention, quite thought-provoking. In addition, in this external literature form quite the kind ”Zhuang-zi” the fable lodges the style which Zhan Yuckier, reproves by parables tactfully; the intrinsic values transmitted by have displayed individual self-confidence humorously the idea. It inspired our suitable utilization to be humorous, could each other drive processing crisis. Humorous play facilitates interpersonal harmony, increase productivity and improve physical and mental health, used in far-reaching governance. Therefore, penetrates this external form esthetics and the intrinsic values twofold faces observe and the discussion may see its value obviously. Modern people often learn from ”classic smart, funny and the biography” of the characters in the humorous artful language and life style, to modern communication Department doing, especially positive and inspiring.