中老年長期失能者輪椅使用調查報告

Wheelchair Usage and Checkout Survey of Long-term Disabled Clients

胡名霞(Ming-Hsia Hu) ； 謝智仱(Chih-Ching Hsieh) ； 成戎珠(Rong-Ju Cherng) ； 吳雪玉(Sheue-Yuh Wu) ； 吳英黛(Ying-Tai Wu)

《物理治療》 31卷2期 (2006/04) Pp. 98-111

摘要

目的：本研究旨在調查國內長期失能者輪椅實際使用狀況。方法：採用經全國專家會議及臨床試用所設計之輪椅／特製輪椅之評估表單，以全國50歲以上失能者資料庫中實際完成家訪使用輪椅／特製輪椅之188名受試者中方便取樣，共計完成143份有效評估報告。結果：本調查之受試者平均75歲，女性較多(58.2%)，主要為肢體障礙(76.4%)。輪椅的取得多數是自行購買(85.9%)，透過專業人員只有14.1%；輪椅的使用以一般型輪椅佔多數(79%)、特製型21%。使用者中有併發症者佔22.9%，其中脊椎變形78.1%、壓瘡28.1%。另外有骨盆前／後傾狀況的佔51.1%，坐姿平衡不良者佔53.6%。檢查發現煞車不良比例(15.0%)最高，輪胎充氣不足或嚴重磨損佔14.7%，腳踏板損壞有7.0%；有10%以上扶手與腳踏板裝配不適。治療師建議增製的配件以背墊(8.4%)、坐墊(7.7%)及骨盆帶(7.7%)為主。環境困難部分，受試者「不知道維修管道」(62.6%)比例最高，其次為「搭乘私人或大眾交通工具困難」(59.0%)、「室內移行遇到障礙」(54.7%)。結論：本研究發現許多輪椅本身及其配件無法與使用者及照顧者需求配合之處，可提供治療師臨床指導、以及輔具政策擬定之參考。

關鍵字

輔具 ； 身心障礙 ； 輪椅

並列摘要

Purposes: To survey the current usage of wheelchair in the long-term disabled in Taiwan. Methods: A checkout evaluation form of wheelchair was designed based on expert meetings and pilot trials. The clients in this survey was a convenience sample recruited from subjects in the National Survey of The Usage of Assistive Devices. A total of 143 checkout evaluation forms were completed by 58 physical therapists and 18 occupational therapists. Results: The long-term disabled clients has age of 75±10.5 years, were mostly women (58.2%), and physically disabled (76.4%). Approximately 86% of the wheelchairs were purchased by the clients themselves, only 14.1% had been consulted before purchasing. Seventy-nine percent of the wheelchairs were standard type and 21% were custom-made. Twenty-three percent of the clients had some complications, such as spinal deformities (78.1%) and pressure sore (28.1%). Furthermore, about 51.1% clients were found to have anterior or posterior tilted pelvis, and 53.6% had poor sitting balance. Some problems with the wheelchair brakes (15.0%), deflated or badly deteriorated tires (14.7%), damaged foot rests (7.0%), inappropriately fitted arm rests or foot rests (10%) were found in the survey. The accessories that therapists most recommended were such as back pads (8.4%), seating cushions (7.7%), and pelvic belts (7.7%). Regarding the difficulties in the environment domain, 62.6% of the clients did not know how to maintain their wheelchairs, which were significantly different between the users of standard type users (67.0%) and the custom-made ones (46.7%). Other major problems the user reported were difficulties in taking personal or public transportations (59%), and difficulties with indoor mobility (54.7%). Conclusions: This survey revealed high prevalence of wheelchair users with complications and poor postures in the long-term disabled. Damages to the wheelchairs and poor accessibility indoors or outdoors were also found. A small portion of the wheelchair users may benefit from regular check ups, minor fixing, and of the accessory prescription. This survey demonstrated the importance of follow-up service from professionals for long-term wheelchair users to identify user or device problems. Furthermore, the awareness of environmental barriers should be promoted to increase accessibility of wheelchair users in the society.

並列關鍵字

Assistive devices ； Disability ； Wheelchair