北宋中期茶文化的一個切面：論梅堯臣茶詩的史料價值

本文以梅堯臣的茶詩作品為基礎，探索其史料價值，側及相關文獻，以印證北宋中期的茶文化現象。本文透過梅堯臣相關作品的分析，具體發現以下三點：一、梅堯臣的詩歌平淡、寫實，除反映個人雅好品茗，嫻熟茶學外，更反映宋代的私茶弊端，以及他對政府取利於民的不滿和茶政改革的企盼。二、梅堯臣的茶詩呈現宋代飲茶法的多樣性，不獨「芼茶」仍盛行於世，而「煮茶」、「點茶」也同樣流行於士大夫之間，不過梅堯臣或當時士大夫的茶詩都未見使用「點茶」或類似的用詞。三、由梅堯臣的茶詩可以發現普遍讚誦建茶的現象，而且不乏福建地區珍視白茶的史料，印證蔡襄《茶錄》茶色貴白的說法，也發現宋代「鬥茶」用詞的模糊性，它具備茶葉品質比賽（或點茶技藝比賽）或是茶葉名稱的多重意涵。

關鍵字

梅堯臣；茶詩；建茶；鬥茶；白茶

並列摘要

This study uses Mei Yaochen’s tea poems as the foundation to explore the historical value and related literature in order to confirm the phenomenon of tea culture in the middle stage of the Song Dynasty. This study analyzes Mei Yaochen’s tea poems and three points were discovered: 1. Mei Yaochen’s poems were plain and realistic. They not only reflected his love of tea and tea philosophy，but also the abuse in tea policy; his dissatisfaction toward governmental extraction of profit from people and wishes for tea policy reform conformed to his character traits and political attitudes. 2. Mei Yaochen’s tea poems present the diversity of the Song Dynasty’s tea-drinking ways; Mao Tea (tea with seasoning)，Zhu Tea and Dian Tea are all quite common among scholars; however, the term of Dian Tea did not appear in the tea poems. 3. In Mei Yaochen’s tea poems, Jian Tea is very much loved by tea drinkers and the phenomenon of praise for the tea attesting to its rise under the reign of Emperor Ren of the Song Dynasty. Some historical materials on cherishing White Tea in Fujian were also found; it proved the theory of white is treasure described in Tea Records and further verified the fuzziness of the term ＂Doucha (Dou Tea)＂ in the Song Dynasty, with the multiple meanings of tea quality competitions (or competitions on tea-whisking techniques), or ＂tea names.＂