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  • 學位論文

世界大學排名之比較研究:文獻計量學取向

A Comparative Study on World University Rankings: A Bibliometrics Approach

指導教授 : 陳光華
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摘要


在高等教育市場化、教育商品化的社會趨力下,大學間的競爭已進入白熱化狀態,各種評量大學表現的排名工具也應運而生。目前以上海交大、英國《泰晤士報高等教育增刊》、臺灣高等教育評鑑中心及西班牙網路計量實驗中心四家評量機構執行的世界性大學排名較受各界矚目。各家評量機構執行的排名各有其重視的層面,設計的評量指標各有所異,故產生了不盡相同的排名結果。然而由不同觀點切入的排名,其整體評量結果是否具有相關性與一致性,則為本研究之重點。是故,本研究係以各評量機構執行的世界大學排名結果為研究對象,並針對學術成果表現層面,以文獻計量學的角度,分別探討:(1)各評量結果之總排名次序、(2)總排名與其內部單項量化指標排名次序、以及(3)各項量化指標排名次序的相關程度,另外亦探討不同引文索引工具對評量結果的影響。 研究結果顯示,2007年至2010年上海交大、臺灣高教評鑑中心與英國《泰晤士報高等教育增刊》公布之前兩百名大學重疊率皆超過55%,且前述兩家機構的排名結果呈現高相關。若加入2009年和2010年西班牙「世界大學網路排名」相比,則四家評量機構在排名結果上有趨向一致的情形,代表優秀的大學無論以何種面向進行評量,其反映出來之評量結果都具有一定水準。研究結果亦指出評量機構的某些特定指標具有代表性,即與其總排名達高相關,且各家相似評量指標間的排名達高相關,其他部分指標間則有一定的相關性。此外,本研究顯示使用不同的引文索引資料庫,對評量結果並無太大影響。

並列摘要


Ranking activities have started up with the intense competition among universities, especially rankings for international universities. The quality and competitiveness of universities have become important issues for the general public. There are many organizations conducting on ranking activities from different perspectives, and four rankings for world universities out of many others are well-known: “Academic Ranking of World Universities” (ARWU-Shanghai Jiao Tong University), “World University Rankings” (WUR-Times Higher Education Supplement), “Webometrics Ranking of World Universities” (WRWU-Cybermetrics Lab), and ”Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities” (PRSPWU-Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council). This study aims to figure out, in a bibliometrics approach, if there is any relevance or consistence among various ranking results. Four research questions are discussed: (1) the comparison among different ranking results, (2) the correlation between ranking results and each ranking indicator, (3) the correlation among ranking indicators in different rankings, and (4) the impacts on ranking results in term of different citation indexes. The results show that there is a 55% overlap out of the top 200 world universities announced by ARWU, WUR and PRSPWU from 2007 to 2010, and total rankings of ARWU and PRSPWU have stronger correlation. With consideration of WRWU ranking in 2009 and 2010, the ranking results of all four evaluating organizations tend to reach consistence. In addition, the rankings of certain single ranking indicators are related to their own total ranking, and have strong correlation (such as some ranking indicators used in PRSPWU). That is to say, it is possible to find out ranking indicators with high degree of discriminativeness or representativeness. Finally, using different citation indexes has little influence on ranking results.

參考文獻


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