景觀類型對情緒體驗與腦區反應的影響

Emotional Experience and Brain Activation Responses to Landscape Types

許瑜芸(Yu-Yun Hsu)

指導教授 ： 張俊彥

國立臺灣大學/生物資源暨農學院/園藝暨景觀學系/碩士(2017年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU201700492

摘要

過去許多研究已經證實自然環境相較於都市環境更可以舒緩人們的情緒，並帶給人們生心理的健康效益，而不同的環境類型與景觀元素也能帶給人們不同的情緒體驗。Russell和Pratt（1980）認為由環境所誘發的情緒因子可以以「喚起（arousal）」和「愉悅（pleasure）」兩向度所涵蓋，情緒處理一直是神經影像學研究熱門的議題，少有研究單獨探討不同景觀環境本身對情緒的影響。因此本研究目的在了解不同景觀類型對人們情緒生心理反應的影響。
本研究根據過去文獻整理出對情緒具不同影響效果之景觀類型，包含都市環境、自然綠地環境與有水體之自然環境，比較三種環境類型所引發之情緒體驗相異之處。為更進一步了解環境中之景觀元素特性對情緒之影響，因此本研究將都市環境又細分為有無種植行道樹綠化，封閉與開闊的自然綠地環境，以及動態水景與靜態水景，探討不同環境類型與環境特性對心理反應之影響。
本研究除了探討心理層面的情緒體驗之外，進一步結合功能性磁振造影（functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI）技術，以大腦的血氧濃度相依對比（BOLD）為生理指標，探討環境類型與環境特性對腦區反應的影響。
研究結果發現受測者之情緒體驗會受到景觀類型不同而異，都市環境、自然綠地環境與有水體之自然環境三種環境類型對情緒的愉悅與喚起程度上有所差異；環境特性方面，都市中有無行道樹綠化對情緒體驗並無影響，開闊的自然綠地環境較封閉的的環境更令人感到放鬆，自然中水體的動態與靜態在情緒的喚起程度上有顯著差異。在生理反應方面，都市環境相較於自然環境更易引起枕中迴 、舌迴、後扣帶迴、楔狀葉等與視覺處理、空間記憶相關功能之腦區活化。

關鍵字

景觀類型 ； 愉悅 ； 喚起 ； 情緒體驗 ； 功能性磁振造影(fMRI)

並列摘要

Studies have demonstrated the natural environment can soothe people's emotions rather than urban, and bring people healthy benefits (Ulrich et al., 1991). Studies compared different types of environment and landscape characteristics also conclude that different emotional experiences are provided in different landscapes (Van den Berg et al., 2014). Russell and Pratt (1980) consider there are two dimensions of emotion induced by the environment, arousal and pleasure. Therefore, the purpose in this study is to understand the influence of different landscape types on the reaction of people. In addition to exploring the psychological level of emotional experience, this study adopts the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques to depict the relationship of brain activation within different landscapes.
We collect psychological emotions and brain reactions when viewing landscape images. There are three environment types in this study – urban landscape, natural green landscape, and natural water landscape. And each comprises two their own characteristics. Urban landscapes are separated by trees. Natural green landscapes are separated by open or closed view. Natural water landscapes are separated by water surface whether dynamic or static. The whole experiment was conducted in the fMRI machine. And the test includes 30 trials, and we divided into 5 runs. Every run contains six type landscape images. Each trial, the subjects watch three consecutive same type landscape images before scoring the emotions by Affect Grid (Russell, 1989).
The result of the Affect Grid, natural environment does induce pleasure emotions than urban environment. But arousal emotion is difference from landscape characteristics of each type. There are significant different emotional responses when viewing open or closed green landscapes. Arousal responses are also significant different when viewing dynamic or static water landscapes. However, emotional differences were not found in urban scenery with or without trees. The main difference of brain activity between landscape types is found in occipital lobe. Compared with watching the natural green landscape images, posterior cingulate is more active when watching urban images. In general, the difference in brain activities are more pronounced when viewing different landscape types.

並列關鍵字

Landscape types ； emotion experience ； pleasure ； arousal ； functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

參考文獻

Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. the MIT Press.

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