護理臨床教師人格特質與教學效能之探討-以區域教學醫院為例

背景: 新進護理人員面臨的護理情境與壓力，需要護理臨床教師指導與協助適應，以穩定其留任。目的: 本研究期望找出教學效能的重要預測因子，提供遴選與培育護理臨床教師之參考。方法: 採描述性相關研究法，以三家區域教學醫院工作三年以上專任護理師，且目前擔任護理臨床教師的183位人員為研究對象。研究工具包括個人背景資料、人格特質量表及教學效能量表。結果: 護理臨床教師人格特質之各層面平均得分，以和善性最高，次之為嚴謹自律性，以情緒穩定性最低。在教學效能各層面平均得分，以專業能力最高，次之為教學評量，以教學自我效能信念最低。護理臨床教師人格特質層面的嚴謹自律性、開放性及背景變項的擔任護理臨床教師意願、任職重症科別，能聯合解釋整體教學效能53%的變異量，其中以人格特質的「嚴謹自律性」能解釋整體教學效能40%的變異量為最佳。結論: 護理臨床教師人格特質的嚴謹自律性、開放性對教學效能有預測力。護理管理者未來可參酌護理臨床教師人格特質之遴選條件、教育訓練、激勵擔任意願、人性化及彈性調配教學與照護任務等介入措施，增加其教學效能。

關鍵字

護理臨床教師；人格特質；教學效能

並列摘要

Background: Clinical nursing preceptors are essential for new nurses to cope with clinical situations and stresses. They help the new nurses in aspects of clinical skills and environmental adjustments, so that the new nurses can be much stabilized in the beginning of their professional carriers. Objectives: This study aimed to explorethe major predictive factors for teaching effectiveness, so as to providesuggestionsto the selection and training of clinical nursingpreceptors. Methods: The research subjects were 183clinical nursing preceptorswho have been working for more than three years in regional teaching hospitals. Data on demographic characteristics were collected, and two instruments,Personality TraitsRatingScaleand Teaching EffectivenessRating Scale. Results:The average score on personality traits of clinical nursing preceptors was highest in agreeableness, followed by conscientiousness, and lowest in emotional stability. The average score on teaching effectivenesswas highest in professionalcompetence, followed by teaching evaluation, and lowest in teaching self-efficiency belief.Conscientiousness and openness to experience in personality traits of clinical nursing preceptors combined with willingness to be a clinical nursing preceptor and working in critical care department explained 53% of the total variance of theteaching effectiveness. Among which, conscientiousness individually explained 40% of the total variance with highest correlation. Conclusion:Conscientiousness and openness to experience of the personal traits of the clinical nursing preceptors significantly predicted the teaching effectiveness. Nursing managers are recommended to recruit clinical nursing preceptors with reference totheir personal traits. Professional training, inspiration of willingness to be a clinical nursing preceptor, humanity, flexibility, and balanced teaching and caring tasks are also of major importance to the elevation of teaching effectiveness.