由政策規劃與設置執行探討台灣公共藝術之發展

Discussion of the development of public in Taiwan through policy plan and establishment execution.

林志銘(Chih-Ming Lin)

指導教授 ： 黃位政

中原大學/設計學院/室內設計研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200400728

摘要

公共藝術，就其文字構成與存在價值而論，均意涵著以藝術人文的創作思維，來作為群體環境的重要構成因子，因此，在其內容上，藝術僅是公眾環境發展的策略與方法，而人文的時代意涵與環境思維的價值轉化，才是公共藝術得以永續發展的動力核心，所以公共藝術的本質，是以人為核心，再藉由活動行為於公眾環境場域的植入過程，來表達關懷與環境再造的價值基礎。
公共藝術於台灣，已歷經一段時期的發展，在思維上已逐漸發展出更廣域的解讀。近年來，由各地之個案設置執行機制的活化，與中央政策的目標導向下，無論於思維或藝術形式表現，均已激發出更為多元的發展可能，且也在諸多成功個案的成果上，有具體的優質表現。但因國家建設資源的分配不均，與法令本身的狹義性，往往形成公共藝術在發展上的阻力，而形成都會與城鄉地區產生不同的發展向度：在擁有豐富資源的都會地區，隨著大量的個案設置需求，逐漸藉由一些具備相當規模的個案，將計畫執行及作品選擇的操作，由公部門轉移至私部門，並以更多元的觀點與內容，來進行藝術之於環境的多面向解讀，在操作機制上，也發展出結合都市設計與公共藝術兩審議機制的合作成果，這些發展的過程與成果，均反映出公共藝術之於生活環境的時代性精神表現；而地方城鄉地區，在資源與設置機會匱乏的情況下，多藉由城市發展與文化兩部門，在政策與資源的結合下，以『社造』﹑『文化產業』及『城鄉風貌』等不同政策機制，利用總體發展觀念，強化公眾性環境藝術的發展，經由『設計』與『創作』兩者的結合，凌駕於純粹的公共藝術設置，以廣域的環境藝術創作來服務環境。
本研究的內容主軸，是由中央與各地文化部門的實際設置過程、資深藝術創作者親身經歷的訪談，以及對於現行法令、三級三審機制的檢視著眼，來探究公共藝術於政策與執行兩面向的問題。第一章的內容主要以台灣發展公共藝術的歷程，來探討藝術植入環境的基礎構成，再分別藉由公共性與藝術性，定義公共藝術的本質。第二章則以公私部門之論述歸納與現行法令為基礎，針對公共藝術於政策與執行上的問題作研究。第三章是從中央與地方文化部門於政策層面觀之，分析公共藝術如何運用各種適地性與適時性的策略，達到公共政策的目的。第四章則綜合藝術創作﹑藝術教育﹑地方環境文化與發展政策，及公共藝術企畫與執行過程，由公私部門實務上之執行與審議等藝術行政的操作層面，探討人為的操作機制與其所衍生的問題與影響。第五章是以研究的歸納結果，檢討過去與承接未來，並提出未來台灣發展公共藝術，於概念及型態上的可能性或可行性推論，為本研究心得之總結。

關鍵字

公共藝術基金制 ； 公眾場域 ； 民眾參與 ； 公共藝術

並列摘要

According to the word formation and the existing value, public art means using creative thinking of art humanity as an important component of public environment. Therefore, in the content, art is only the strategy and way for public environment development; the sustainable development core of public art is the value change of humanistic era meaning and environmental thinking. So the essence of public art means people is the core, and then through the activity implantation into the public environment realm to show the concerns and the basic value of environment rebuilding.
Public art in Taiwan has been developing for a period of time and it gradually develops broader explanation in thinking. Recently, because of the activating of case establishment operation mechanism in each place and the orientation of central policy, public art, no matter in thinking or the form of art, has stimulated multi developmental possibilities, and has excellent performance in many successful cases. But the misdistribution of national development resource and the narrow-sensed laws become the obstacles in public art developments, which leads to different developmental dimensions in cities and countries. In metropolitan areas that have abundant resources, with the bulk case establishment needs, the plan execution and the work choosing operation are transferred from public sector to private sector, which proceeds multi-dimensional explanation in art with much more multi viewpoints and contents. In operation mechanism, it also shows the collaborative result of two review mechanisms, the urban design and the public art. In local areas, because of the lack of the resources and the lack of case establishment opportunities, public art develops through the community Renaissance, cultural industry, local landscapes and some other policy mechanisms under the combination of policies and resources by the city development sector and culture sector. It uses the idea of integrated development to reinforce the development of public art, and through the combination of “design” and “create” to serve the environment in a broader sense of environment art rather than mere public art establishment.
The focus of this research is to study the policy and the execution of public art by the actual constitution of culture sectors in central and local areas, talking with senior artists about their experiences, and the examination of the three level court. The first chapter focuses on the history of public art development in Taiwan to study the basic consistence of art implantation into environment. Then defines the essence of public art from the publicity and artistry. The second chapter studies the problems of public art policies and execution on the basis of the narratives of public and private sectors and the current laws. The third chapter analyzes how public art uses timeliness and locality to meet the purposes of public policies from the central and local culture sectors policy level. The forth chapter integrates art creation, art education, policies of local environment culture and development, and the planning and execution of public art to discuss the derivative problems and influences of artificial operation mechanism from the art administration operation level of the execution and review of public and private sector.The fifth chapter uses the result of the research to examine past, inherit future and raise possible and feasible argumentation for the development of public art in future Taiwan as the conclusion of this research.

並列關鍵字

public art ； public art grant program ； public participation ； public field

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