臺灣土地改革政策之政治經濟分析,1945-1953

The Political Economy of the Land Reform in Taiwan, 1945-1953

余美滿(Mei-Man Yu)

指導教授 ： 吳若予

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/公共行政與政策學系/碩士(2007年)

摘要

大戰期間臺灣遭受盟軍飛機轟炸破壞，耕地面積損失慘重，農工產量銳減，造成糧食嚴重不足、通貨膨脹、財政匱乏等窘境，土地是戰後可資利用的惟一的資源，成為當時各行為者在自利動機下必爭的資源。戰後臺灣實施四階段土地改革(公地放租、三七五減租、公地放領及耕者有其田)即在各行為者追求土地資源利益的過程中進行，各行為者互相結盟與衝突，共同形塑戰後臺灣政經發展的歷程。可以理解一旦這個特定的政經體制改變，各行為者的互動方式將會全盤改觀，形成的結果也會因此而不同。亦即，土地改革與臺灣戰後發展歷程息息相關，各行為者間的互動情形，在面對政策或政策導致的意外結果時，會造成彼此同時不斷地承受或排擠另一波無法預測的壓力，這種互動模式無法取決任何行為者的意識型態、偏好或設計，而是完全順著環境結構所牽繫，並與時間的脈動緊密地契合，快速匯集成一段無法預料脈絡歷程。本文即是從研究此一階段土地改革來探討戰後臺灣在1945年至1953年的政經發展歷程。

關鍵字

土地改革 ； 土地政策 ； 政治經濟學 ； 臺灣政治經濟發展

並列摘要

During the World War II, majority of the cultivated land in Taiwan was seriously ruined under prolonged US’s air bombing, resulted in sharp reduction in agricultural and industrial products, followed by extreme deficiency of food supply, inflation, and financial crisis in Taiwan. As a result, the land was the only valuable resource in postwar period of Taiwan and, allured by huge profits, soon it became the longing target of numerous individuals or organizations. Consequently, an unusual situation of economic and political progress in Taiwan, i.e. the four-stage land reform policy (the lease of public land、375 rent reduction、public land release、farmer holds land), was gradually formed and eventually implemented in the process of team-ups and conflicts implications among those profits chase entities. Hence, it is obvious that the interactions among those parties would be shifted following the each transformation of the land reform policy and ended in different results. In other words, the post-war development in Taiwan was highly associated with the policy of land reform. In the presence of unexpected situations, directly or indirectly caused by land policy shift, all parties were either hit by the endless stress in the same time or tried together to stop another probable wave of unforeseen pressure. As a matter of fact, the interactions among those parties were not the results of their own sense, preference or design, rather, a series of unpredictable process and sequence suddenly created by the surroundings of the time.
The purpose of this study is to probe the process of political and economic developments, based on the different stages of land reform, in postwar period of Taiwan from 1945 to 1953.

並列關鍵字

land reform ； land policy ； political economy ； Taiwan political and economic development

參考文獻

參考文獻

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