臺灣地區石綿工廠工業衛生普查

Industrial Hygiene Survey for Asbestos-Related Factories in Taiwan

張火炎(H-Y Chang) ； 王榮德(J-D Wang) ； 張錦輝(J-W Chang) ； 陳誠仁(C-R Chen) ； 索任(R Suoo) ； 吳敏鑑(M-C Wu)

《中華民國公共衛生學會雜誌》 8卷3期 (1988/09) Pp. 161-171

https://doi.org/10.6288/JNPHARC1988-08-03-03

摘要

本研究以問卷調查配合現場訪視，對全省石綿工廠工業安全衛生，情形作調查研究。計有石綿水泥業21廠，石綿耐磨材料業10廠，石錦紡織與石綿絕緣常業1廠共33廠。結果發現石綿使用量以石綿水泥業日平均6，300公斤為最大；其中30家工廠原料來自國外。成品銷售水泥及紡織業以內銷為主，耐磨材料業及絕緣業以外銷為主。員工缺席資料有28家(85%)記錄不全，有5家無任何衛生表報記錄。有12廠未設安全衛生人員；曾委託安全衛生公司作進環境測定者僅7家，且僅測量粉塵總濃度；有22家廠未提供合格之呼吸防護具；有8家完全未實施任何體檢；有11家工廠未加裝任何空氣濾淨裝置。生產進程所產生廢棄物之處理，回收使用與供給下游工業佔18廠。我們的建議：本省石綿工廠應儘量改用非石綿原料，生產製程予以隔絕密閉；且作好局部排氣；教導工人使用合格防護具並定期施以安全衛生教育及健檢；建立員工長期資料並聘用合格的工業安全衛生人員；妥善處理廢棄物，避免造成二次污染。

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to determine the current occupational health conditions in asbestos-related factories in Taiwan. We visited 33 factories including 21 asbestos cement, 10 friction material, 1 textile and 1 insulating material. The average consumption of asbestos in cement manufactories is 6300 kg/day, more than the others. The records of absenteeism in 28 factories were incomplete. 5 factories had none of the records related to occupational health and safety, while the other 28-were also incomplete. 12 factories employed no safety personnel. Only 7 out of 33 factories had envirornental monitorings, which were all performed by outside companies of occupational health service and only total suspending particulates were measured. 22 factories did not provide any qualified respiratory protective device. 8 factories did not perform any regular health examination on their employees. 11 factories did not install any air cleaning device. Waste generated from production of 18 factories were recycled and/or transfered to downstream factories for reuse. We concluded that current occupational health condition in asbestos factories of Taiwan was relatively poor and made following suggestions: 1.Substitute materials for asbestos should be seriously considered. 2. Enclosure, isolation and effective ventilation control should be implemented immediately at workplaces wherever asbestos is used. 3. Worker's education and training should be done, especially for good workpractice, housekeeping, and the appropriate use of respiratory protective device. 4. Regular health examination should be done. 5. Records regarding medical and occupational histories should be kept for a longer period of time. 6. Asbestos waste should be deposited or recycled properly to avoid secondary pollution.

並列關鍵字

asbestos ； industrial hygiene ； survey