Reporting on ＂China＂ in a ＂Novel＂ Way: Japanese Translations of Eileen Chang's The Naked Earth and The Rice-Sprout Song in the USIS-Tokyo Book Translation Program (1952-1956)

「新」中國報導：東京美新處譯書計畫與張愛玲《赤地之戀》、《秧歌》日譯（1952－1956）

王梅香(Mei-Hsiang Wang)

《歐美研究》 50卷3期 (2020/09) Pp. 613-660

https://doi.org/10.7015/JEAS.202009_50(3).0004

摘要

This study adopts the perspectives of ＂regional politics＂ and ＂cultural propaganda,＂ in examining the relationship between the cultural propaganda of the United States Information Service Tokyo and Japanese translations of Taiwan and Hong Kong literature, taking as examples Eileen Chang's The Naked Earth and The Rice- Sprout Song. The study uses the records of the USIS-Tokyo Book Translation Program in the National Archives and Records Administration, analyzes the translation of literature from Hong Kong and Taiwan, and clarifies the importance of Japanese translations of works from Taiwan and Hong Kong for cultural propaganda in Northeast Asia. First, I demonstrate that as part of the Book Translation Program, the Japanese translation of the literature of Taiwan and Hong Kong is a medium for understanding ＂Communist China.＂ Second, I explain the functions of the two works of Eileen Chang in the Book Translation Program and clarify their production process and the logic of U.S. propaganda. The Naked Earth was published by a family publisher, Sekatsu-Sha, and translated for its characteristics: ＂anti-communist,＂ ＂journalistic literature,＂ and ＂middle school level book series.＂ In contrast, The Rice- Sprout Song was a special project in the Book Translation Program and a Jiji Press publication, characterized as anticommunist fiction. The paper uses the USIS-Tokyo Book Translation Program to outline the cultural propaganda development of the U.S. Aid Literary Institution in Japan, which started under Allied military occupation as the Japan Book Translation Program, and progressed to a collaboration with Japan's existing monopolistic publishing industry and international interpersonal network.

關鍵字

Cultural Cold War ； U.S. Aid Literary Institution ； Sociology of Art Work ； Politics of Translation ； International Interpersonal Network

並列摘要

本研究從「區域政治」與「文化宣傳」角度，以張愛玲《赤地之戀》與《秧歌》為例，探討東京美新處文化宣傳與臺港文學日譯的關係。首先，兩部作品作為理解「共產中國」的媒介。其次，說明兩部作品的定位和功能：《赤地之戀》為「家庭式出版社」出版品，因其「反共」、「報導文學」和作為「中學程度的系列叢書」而被翻譯；《秧歌》作為譯書特殊計畫：「時事通信」的書目。最後，透過兩書說明「美援文藝體制在日本」的運作邏輯，承繼「同盟國軍事佔領日本」翻譯計畫，與日本既有的壟斷性出版事業協力，並透過跨國人際網絡而完成。

並列關鍵字

文化冷戰 ； 美援文藝體制 ； 作品社會學 ； 翻譯政治 ； 跨國人際網絡

參考文獻

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Chen, C.-C. (2011). “Exile” in Hong Kong: Re-reading Eileen Chang's the rice-sprout song and the naked earth. Journal of Taiwan Literary Studies, 13: 275-311. (陳建忠 [2011]。〈「流亡」在香港：重讀張愛玲的《秧歌》與《赤地之戀》〉，《台灣文學研究學報》，13: 275-311。)

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Chang, E. (1954). The naked earth. Hong Kong: Tien Feng. (張愛玲 [1954]。《赤地之戀》。香港：天風。)

Chang, E. (1976). Viewpoints of Eileen Chang. Taipei: Crown. (張愛玲 [1976]。《張看》。臺北：皇冠。)