青少年之睡眠問題與物質使用的關係

「睡眠問題」和「物質使用」是目前青少年最常見的兩種精神疾患，且與其他精神疾患有群聚現象，但是過去的文獻中，較少有系統地同時討論，為了促進青少年的健康，有必要進一步瞭解兩者間的關係。青少年的睡眠問題包括：睡眠時間不足、入睡困難、睡眠持續問題、睡眠周期不規律、日間疲倦等，可能會導致他們使用各種物質。反之，青少年的物質使用包括：飲酒、吸菸、使用含咖啡因物質、吸食大麻、使用古柯鹼、使用含安非他命物質、使用鎮靜安眠藥物、使用含鴉片類物質藥物、使用俱樂部用藥等，對他們的睡眠也有影響；嚼檳榔和使用吸入劑對睡眠的影響則不確定。本文藉由文獻回顧，證實青少年「睡眠問題」和「物質使用」之間可能有互為因果的關係，但台灣學者探討兩者因果關係的不多，並發現「睡眠問題」導致「物質使用」的研究多以心理及行為層面為主，而「物質使用」導致「睡眠問題」的研究則涵蓋生理、心理和行為等層面，因此未來在青少年健康促進的研究，除了要注重本土特色外，也應該同時顧及多元觀點，才能將研究成果轉譯為具體的政策。

關鍵字

青少年；睡眠問題；物質使用

並列摘要

Sleep problems and substance use are the most prevalent mental health issues in adolescents. Moreover, individuals with these two problems may also be susceptible to other psychiatric disorders. A lack of systematic understanding of the relationship between sleep problems and substance use hinders our ability to promote health in adolescents. Sleep problems, such as inadequate total sleep time, difficulty in falling sleep and in maintaining sleep, irregular sleep patterns, and excessive daytime fatigue, may subsequently contribute to substance use in adolescents. Conversely, the use of substances, such as alcohol, tobacco, coffee or caffeine, marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, sedatives or hypnotics, opioid containing prescriptions, and club drugs, affects sleep in adolescents. The effects of betel nut chewing and administration of inhalants on sleep are undermined. This review suggests a bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and substance use. The paucity of causal studies in Taiwan and the lack of biological evidence for sleep problems leading to substance use should prompt further research among native adolescents from multidimensional perspectives in order to determine practical policies to address both problems.

並列關鍵字

adolescent ； sleep problem ； substance use

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