臺灣失能女性運動員媒體形象建構

本研究為臺灣運動媒體視角中的失能女性運動員形象，並以帕林匹亞運動會為主軸，探討臺灣運動媒體呈現女性帕運運動員之策略中「性別」與「失能」論述的產製，同時，瞭解運動員對女性失能運動身體論述的回應。研究方法兼採論述分析及深度訪談，蒐集2000年至2016年五屆帕林匹亞運動會賽事期間新聞報導，並以台灣四大主要新聞媒體為分析範圍，共蒐集255則新聞為分析樣本。此外，亦訪談四位曾參與且有獲獎經驗之臺灣女性帕林匹亞運動員。研究結果發現2000年新聞報導以男性運動員為主，而後，隨著女性運動員獲獎比例的提升，新聞則數亦隨之增加，且比較新聞圖片之性別比例亦發現，男性運動員曝光率略高於女性運動員。在文本部分，新聞報導內容依舊傾向呈現超級殘疾者(supercrip)及刻板化的失能運動陰性形象，藉由「正常」與「不正常」的劃分，強調失能運動身體「超越常人」的優異表現。失能運動員於大型國際賽事現身之時，同樣被視為召喚國家認同及國族亦是凝聚的載體，但受限於國家對殘障運動定位及社會關注不足，因而未有明顯的運動國族論述產生。臺灣女性帕運動員則同時關注曝光機會及媒體失能身體論述的產製，期待以運動員堅毅及努力形象現身，且較少將個人形象視為凝聚國家意識及國家認同的表徵。

關鍵字

帕運；失能；運動女性；性別論述；論述分析

並列摘要

Sport as an important site of constructing identities, the gender expression, ethnicities and social class status would reinforce through sport participation. In the current studies, the positive images of aggressive, winning, overcoming adversity and striving for national glory were presented by normal sporting bodies. Meanwhile, little attention was paid on disabled and female athletes, despite of the medals they won. In 1992, Taiwan started to select elite disabled athletes to participate in international games for disabilities. However, it was not until 2013 that disabled athlete had a chance to presented in commercial advertisement. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand the image of disabled female athletes presented in Taiwan sport media, and to investigate the production of gendered and disabled discourse upon female Paralympic athletes. In the methodology, both discourse analysis and interview was adopted, and four major press media were included for collecting the printed news of 2000 to 2016 Paralympic Games, and 255 news were included. Meanwhile, four female Taiwanese Paralympians who won medals were interviewed. It was found that the print media tended to offer more coverage to male Paralympic athletes in 2000; however, with the improvement of athletic achievement, the female Paralympic athletes had received more coverage. Moreover, in the comparison of pictures among Paralympains with different genders, it was found that male Paralympains received slightly higher media exposure than female. As for the text of press news, the discourse still preferred to present the image of ＂supercarip＂ and stereotyped disable sporting female. By differentiate normal and abnormal to emphasize the extreme athletic performance through disabled body. Disabled athletes were considered as carrier to assemble collective national identity; however, with the limited of national policy toward disability and sports and lack of social attention, there was no apparent nationalism discourse was presented in the press media. At the same time, Taiwanese female Paralympains demonstrated the attention on both media exposure and disabled body discourse presented in press, and expected to be presented as perseverance and hard-work attitude as abled athletes. In addition, Taiwanese female Paralympains rarely regarded themselves as carrier of collective national identity. It is recommended the participants should include male Paralympians and audience as to gain different perspectives in interpreting the media discourse on disabled athletes, and different strategies of image framing that deploy on male and female disabled athletes.

並列關鍵字

Paralympic ； disable ； sporting female ； gendered discourse ； critical discourse analysis

參考文獻

李弘斌 (2012 年9 月1 日)。帕運柔道賽李凱琳奪銀。中國時報，C3 版。[Li, H. (2012.09.01). Kia-Lin Li won silver medal in Paralympic Games. China Times, C3. ]

Google Scholar

李弘斌 (2012 年9 月13 日)。帕運代表團慶功林資惠還拼。中國時報，C3 版。[LiH. (2012.9.13). Chinese Taipei Paralympics delegation celebration, Zi-Hui Lin will continue to compete for Paralympics Games. China Times, C3.]