緩起訴協議於法人犯罪訴追之應用

於自由主義及資本主義高度發展的現代的經濟社會，企業等法人能自由地為經濟活動並擴張商業版圖。而具有一定規模的企業，除對於現今社會造成影響力也日漸增加外，同時也伴隨著法人犯罪等副作用，使得法人犯罪成為刑事法領域不可被忽視的重要研究課題。面對本質具有高度分工且具有隱密性的法人犯罪，更增添檢察官訴追犯罪的困難度。本文認為可透過檢察官緩起訴附帶處分之功能，達到避免公司被宣判死刑、節約訴訟成本、促使公司治理之改革及鼓勵公司自我報告等目的，以解決法人犯罪訴追的困境。惟現行緩起訴制度因限制適用範圍於最輕本刑3年以上有期徒刑以外之罪，大幅限縮法人犯罪適用緩起訴處分的空間。基此，本文認為應刪除「最輕本刑三年以上有期徒刑」，開放所有案件均得適用緩起訴處分，有效利用刑事訴訟法第253條之2附條件緩起訴處分，透過當事人一造之檢察官與犯罪法人協商後達成協議，且必須以被告同意作為附條件緩起訴處分之前提。

關鍵字

緩起訴協議；附條件緩起訴；法人犯罪；審前轉向；檢察裁量權

並列摘要

In the modern society, corporates can expand their commercial activities faster and have more freedom than before. Besides, the vast scale of corporates can not only make the influence on current society but also accompanied by side effect in Corporate Criminal Wrongdoing. Therefore, it makes Corporate Criminal Wrongdoing a important research topics in criminal law. In the face of the corporate crime having the nature secrecy and highly specialized division of labour, the principals are usually hiding behind the scenes so that we have to use a sledgehammer to crack a nut to find them, making it easier for prosecutors to investigate. This paper point that prosecutors can use Deferred Prosecution Contract to reach the goal of avioding the death penalty, saving litigation costs, achieving the same outcome as a conviction without the cost of a trial, bringing about corporate governance reform and encouraging companies to disclose. But Deferred Prosecution in Taiwan has been limited in the scope of ＂committed an offense other than those punishable with the death penalty, life imprisonment, or with a minimum punishment of imprisonment for not less than three years＂. This paper suggests that we can delete the limition of Deferred Prosecution, meaning that all of criminal cases can be deferred, using the Article 253-2 effectively. Since, Deferred Prosecution agreement is made by the corporate and prosecutor, the corporate must agree with the agreement.