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風景與自然:論馮至的山水寫作

Landscape and Nature: Feng Zhi's Shanshui Writings

摘要


何為風景?風景與自然的關係是什麼?文學如何為風景賦形並且表意?本文探討五四以來的中國現代文學,如何在傳統的山水宇宙想象與西方浪漫主義以來的自然觀之間開啟對話,並發展出現代的風景觀念。馮至在抗戰時期的昆明完成的《十四行集》、《山水》和《伍子胥》等作品,主要關注了人與自然、物質世界與詩學世界、詩歌形式與語言表意之間的關係。其中既可以看到傳統詩學的物我關係的影響,也有他對歌德的宇宙觀和蛻變學說的思考。從現代個人的風景到物我之間相互改變、生生不息,從萬古常新的自然到詩歌的賦之以形,風景的發現所指向的更是現代詩歌或者藝術的語言、形式和表意等諸多問題。

關鍵字

風景 自然 宇宙觀 馮至 歌德 詩歌形式

並列摘要


This paper considers modern Chinese literature's engagement with nature and the poetics of landscape. Drawing from both traditional Chinese poetics and European reflections on nature and artistic creation since the romanticism, modern Chinese writers developed distinctive perspectives on the relationship between human beings and nature, the poetic, the cosmic, and the physical world, the form of poetry and the signification of language. By reading Feng Zhi (1905-1993)'s 1940s work in wartime Kunming in relation to his interpretation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's theory of nature, art, and science, I argue that at the center of his landscape poetry are his contemplations of the mutual formation and transformation between the poetic subject and nature, the poetic figuration and signification of nature, as well as the crisis of poetic language, form, and creativity.

並列關鍵字

landscape nature the cosmos Feng Zhi Goethe poetics

參考文獻


柄谷行人,趙京華譯,《日本現代文學的起源》,北京,三聯書店,2003。
馮至,《馮至全集》,石家莊,河北教育出版社,1999。
梁宗岱,《梁宗岱文集》全 4 卷,北京,中央編譯出版社,2002。
魯迅,《魯迅全集》全 16 卷,北京,人民文學出版社,1991。
錢鍾書,《錢鍾書散文》,杭州,浙江文藝出版社,1999。

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