多重文化視域下的新疆漢語散文

新疆位於歐亞大陸的中心，地貌複雜，共有五十五個民族，種族多元，信仰複雜，伊斯蘭教的信徒超過人口半數，同時另有藏傳和漢傳佛教，以及道教、薩滿教、基督教、天主教和東正教等。這篇論文擬從土地與人文，以及宗教的角度取徑論述新疆散文。新疆漢語文學最主要的作家群是漢人，他們以漢語寫作，由於久居當地，跟當地非漢民族相處日久，漢人文化加上在地視野，使得他們作品的感覺結構，帶著至少雙重，乃至多重文化視域。他們繪製了經由族群文化的融入，以及居住的經驗，對生活區域所產生的土地情感。「族群文化」和「土地認同」其實是一個不斷交互影響、不斷深化的過程，非土生的作家長年定居之後，會產生一種有別於土生作家的在地視野。新疆的多元民族和文化，在新疆作家筆下呈現了一種非「他者」非「我」的「居間性」特質。

關鍵字

新疆；多重文化；族群；土地認同；在地視野

並列摘要

Xinjiang is located at the center of the Eurasian continent, constituted by a complex geomorphology, fifty-five ethnics, multi races and complex religions; more than half of its population were Islam believers, while the rest belonged to Tibetan and Chinese Buddhism, Taoism, Shamanism, Christianity, Catholic, Orthodox and etc. This article tries to have an in-depth study on the formation of land identity and humanities as well as religions. The main Chinese writers of Xinjiang are people of Han. After many years of settlement and getting along with non-Han people, they have cultivated local vision that depict the integration of structure of multiple-cultured horizon, as well as land emotions generated from the living area. ＂Ethnic culture＂ and ＂land identity＂ are in fact a constant process of interactive influence, in which non-native writers will produce a local vision that differs from native writers after many years of living. Multi races and cultures left writers of Xinjiang to neither ＂other＂ nor ＂I＂ but an ＂intermediary＂ feature.