從衝浪者參與歷程探究其對海岸環境的態度與行為

Surfers' Attitudes and Behaviors toward the Coastal Environment Based on the Participation Process

王聖文(Sheng-Wen Wang)

《臺灣體育運動管理學報》 16卷2期 (2016/12) Pp. 105-130

https://doi.org/10.6547/tassm.2016.0012

摘要

臺灣是一座素有福爾摩沙之稱的海上寶島，其四面環海，海洋生態豐富，並擁有長達一千五百公里的海岸線，具有從事水域休閒運動發展上的優勢。目的：為探究衝浪者在參與歷程中，對於海岸環境的認知以及對於海岸環境態度與行為。方法：本研究以質性研究之方式，且採用判斷抽樣法，針對12位不同性別、年齡、職業與學歷的衝浪參與者進行半結構式的深度訪談，並以紮根理論與三角檢定法為基礎進行資料分析。結果：衝浪者在接觸衝浪活動之前，會藉由許多方式獲得衝浪活動與海岸環境的相關資訊，但在活動初期，僅針對衝浪的技巧與海岸環境的氣候較為關注，而隨著參與活動的次數增加，會逐漸對海岸環境相關知識有所認知。再者，衝浪者在活動過程中會因感受到海岸環境週遭的變化，進而影響對海岸環境的重視程度，並對其抱持著正向的態度與信念，藉由約束自我與關注政府對於海岸環境相關政策實施等行為方式來減少對海岸環境上的破壞。結論：衝浪者藉由衝浪活動的涉入，在海岸環境認知上，對於活動地點的週遭環境、地理位置、海岸地形、潮汐與氣候皆有一定程度以上的認知；在海岸環境態度上，對於海岸環境的相關事物亦有所關注與正面看法的態度，並抱持著海岸環境能夠更加完善的信念；然而在海岸環境行為上，近一步研究分析後發現，不同類型的衝浪者有著不同的海岸環境行為影響：一般衝浪者在海岸環境保護行為上，多以自身做起，但亦有少數衝浪者未受影響；衝浪教練除了自己本身在海岸環境保護行為上有所貢獻外，對學生亦有教授環境相關知識之行為；衝浪業者長期以來一直扮演著海岸環境保護的力行者，為了維持海岸環境，他們亦扮演監督者的角色，期盼政府能盡力維護海岸環境，提升海岸環境品質。

關鍵字

衝浪活動 ； 休閒涉入 ； 環境認知 ； 環境保護

並列摘要

Taiwan is a precious island that has been called Formosa. Surrounded by sea with an ecology rich in marine resources and a coastline of 1,500 km, it has advantages for the development of leisure water sports. Purpose: This study analyzed the perception, attitude, and behavior of surfers toward the coastal environment. Methods: Through qualitative and judgment sampling methods, this study conducted semistructured in-depth interviews with 12 surfing participants of different genders, ages, occupations, and education backgrounds and conducted data analysis on the basis of the grounded theory and triangle test. Results: Before participating in a surfing activity, surfers obtain information related to the activity and the coastal environment through various methods. In the initial period of the activity, they focus more on the surfing skills and the climate of the coastal environment. As they participate more, they develop certain perceptions about the coastal environment. Moreover, as surfers sense the changes in the coastal environment during the activity, they become more concerned and hold a positive attitude and faith toward it. They attempt to reduce the damage to the coastal environment by means of self-discipline and paying attention to the government policy. Conclusion: Surfers possess certain perceptions concerning the coastal environment in its surroundings, geographical location, coastal terrain, tide, and climate of the area through participating in the activity. In the aspect of the attitude, they pay attention to matters concerning the coastal environment and exhibit a positive attitude, believing that the coastal environment can be more effectively protected. And in the aspect of behavior, on the basis of further research, this study determined that different types of surfer have different influences on the coastal environment: the majority of surfers act to protect the environment from their own activity, while a few do not. Surfing coaches not only contribute on their own but also teach students behaviors related to environmental cognition. People who work in the surfing industry have always been the actors in coastal environmental protection. To maintain the environment, they also act as supervisors, expecting the government to maintain the coastal environment and improve its quality.

並列關鍵字

Surfing activity ； Leisure involvement ； Environmental perception ； Environmental protection

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