臺灣轉型正義經驗之探討－以政治案件為例

A Probe into the Experience of Transformative Justice in Taiwan A Case Study of Political Cases

吳宥霖(Wu, Yu-Lin)

《慈濟通識教育學刊》 11期 (2017/03) Pp. 140-164

https://doi.org/10.6755/TCJGE.201703_(11).0005

摘要

臺灣在經歷了1947年的二二八事件之後，因政府實施戒嚴，接續發生許多的白色恐怖政治案件。在實施戒嚴期間的威權體制下，政府對政治異議人士逮捕、軍法審判、關押與處決，從現代民主法治國之角度觀之，是不容許任何藉口能夠予以合理化。因此，一個民主轉型之後的國家，絕對應該努力地實踐「轉型正義」。轉型正義，是所有從威權獨裁轉型至民主的新興民主國家所共同面臨的政治和道德難題。如何處置先前威權政體對人權的侵犯行為，是成就轉型正義的重要政治工程。台灣的民主轉型與轉型正義的推動始於1980年代；在1987年宣布解嚴，臺灣在民主化以後，歷經三次政黨輪替後，臺灣轉型正義其發展過程分別經登輝、陳水扁、馬英九與蔡英文四位執政者，但四位執政者對「轉型正義」的認知與作為卻各有進展與堅持。本文僅就「國際轉型正義中心」對於轉型正義之具體內容，1.真相調查；2.起訴加害者；3.賠償受害者；4.追思與紀念；5.和解措施；6.制度改革；7.人事清查，以及我國政府現階段處理情形，就政治案件轉型正義落實之內容逐一加以檢驗，台灣是否已真正落實轉型正義？

關鍵字

轉型正義 ； 民主化 ； 政治案件 ； 二二八事件 ； 白色恐怖 ； 戒嚴時期

並列摘要

Taiwan had experienced a lot of political persecutions of the White Terror for the government's martial law since the February 28th incident in 1947. Under the authoritarian system of the martial law, the government arrested, judged by the military law, held and executed the political dissidents. From the viewpoint of the modern democratic rule of law, these acts are not allowed to be rationalized by any excuse. Therefore, a nation after democratic transformation should strive to practice the transformation of justice. This is the political and moral dilemma faced by all emerging countries that were transformed from autocracy to democracy. How to deal with the violations of human rights of the previous authoritarian system are important political works to complete the transformation of justice. Taiwan's democratic transformation and transformation of justice began in the 1980s. Taiwan passed three times of ruling party rotations after the lifting of martial law and democratization in 1987. The process of the transformation of justice in Taiwan has gone through four rulers including Lee Teng-Hui, Chen Shui-Bian, Ma Ying-Jeou and Tsai Ing-Wen, in spite of the fact that they have their own progress and persistence in their perceptions and actions to the transformation of justice. In accordance with the International Center for Transitional Justice put forward the specific content of the transformation of justice, which including 1.Investigation, 2.the Prosecute of the victims, 3.Compensation for victims, 4.Memorial, 5.Reconciliation measures, 6.Institional reform, 7.Personnel inventory , and the disposition situation of our government at this stage, this article will survey one by one according to the implementation content of transformative justice in political cases to understand whether Taiwan has implemented the transformation of justice.

並列關鍵字

transformative justice ； democratization ； political persecution ； the February 28th Incident ； the White Terror ； the Martial Law Period