With the rise of environmental awareness, the development of alternative energy has become a research subject of high priority in the world. Solar energy and energy storage materials play a very important role in the development of the green energy industry. Compared to general analytical methods, synchrotron radiation technology could be used by analyzing the composite materials of elemental electronic structures and chemical bonding environments. Synchrotron radiation X-ray technology can study the electrical properties and structure, identify the nature of materials and its doping elements and the impact of redox reaction. To understand the elemental analysis of materials improvement through the chemical configuration, electronic structure, and band structure. This article will introduce the rapid development of energy materials in recent years for methods of material identification and electrochemical applications.