吸菸是否會增加利用醫療服務？

Does Smoking Increase the Use of Medical Services?

江東亮(Tung-Liang Chiang) ； 林瑞雄(Ruey-Shiung Lin)

《中華公共衛生雜誌》 13卷3期 (1994/06) Pp. 214-222

https://doi.org/10.6288/CJPH1994-13-03-02

摘要

本研究旨在利用臺灣地區1990年國民健康調查收集之資料，探討吸菸對醫療服務利用的影響。該次國民健康調查共訪查4196名樣本，完訪率為85.7%，但本研究祇分析其中3000名15歲以上樣本的資料。依受訪者的自迷，本研究將吸菸習慣分為從不吸菸、已戒菸及目前吸菸三組。探討的醫療服務種類則包括：住院、急診、西醫門診、中醫門診、自服西藥，以及自服中藥。結果顯示：(1)已戒菸者除中醫門診外，其他各類醫療服務的利用率與利用量皆高於從不吸菸者，但在控制其他自變項以後，祇有急診次數（增加4.5%）以及自服西藥的比率（增加1.39倍）與天數（增加18.7%）上的差異具統計顯著意義；(2)目前吸菸者則祇在住院、急診以及自服西藥的利用率與利用量上皆高於從不吸菸者，但控制其他自變項以後，亦衹有自服西藥的比率（增加0.63倍）與天數（增加6.6%）上的差異具統計顯著意義。因此，本研究並未充分支持吸菸會顯著增加利用醫療服務的假說。

關鍵字

吸菸 ； 醫療服務利用 ； 利用型態

並列摘要

This study examined the impact of smoking on the use of medical services in Taiwan. The data for the analysis came from the 1990 Taiwan Health Interview Survey (THIS). 4196 persons were interviewed in the 1990 THIS (with a response rate of 85.7%), but only 3000 persons aged 15 and over were included in the analysis. Individuals were grouped into three groups: never smokers, current smokers, and former smokers. Six types of medical services were analyzed: hospital care, emergency care, physician care, herb doctor care, self-medication with western drugs, self-medication with herb drugs. The results showed that: (1) compared with never smokers, former smokers used more medical services of all types with the except of herb doctor care. but only differences in number of emergency visits (by 4.5%), rate of and number of days of self-medication with western drugs (by 1.39 times and 18.7%, respectively) were statistically significant after adjusting for other sociodemographic variables; and (2) compared with never smokers, current smokers used more hospital care, emergency care and self-medication with western drugs, but only differences in rate of and number of days of self-medication with western drugs (by 0.63 times and 6.6%, respectively) were statistically significant after adjusting for other socio-demographic variables. Thus, the findings of this study did not affirmatively confirm the contention that smoking increases the use of medical services.

並列關鍵字

smoking ； use of health services ； utilization pattern