本研究係以組織經濟學的交易成本理論(Transaction Cost Theory)、代理人論理(Principal-Agency Theory)和財產權理論(Property Right Theory)為工具,分析台灣芒果外銷各環節間的垂直協調關係。本研究主要分三部分,首先嘗試用上述理論解釋台灣芒果外銷供給鏈的運作現況;其次根據上述組織經濟學理論,分析台灣芒果外銷問題及可能的解決方案,包括介紹與分析紐西蘭奇異果的外銷組織、以及臺灣芒果外銷組織的可能建構方式;之後再用 Binomial Logit 方法對影響輸日芒果契約履約率的因素作迴歸分析,找出可能的影響因素;最後對現行諸多芒果外銷問題提出解決的建議。 本研究結果顯示,現時台灣芒果外銷最主要的問題有兩個,外銷市場訂單不穩定和各分工作業重疊,這使果農無法與貿易商作契約交易,各外銷作業也未能享受規模經濟。輸日芒果應日本的檢疫要求形成了生產者與貿易商需以契約進行交易的形態,但實證結果發現雙方合作的年資、收購價的訂立方式、以及貿易商的檢驗次數,均會顯著的影響契約履約率。最後本研究建議成立一個新的芒果外銷組織,透過果農、相關農民組織以及貿易商間垂直協調關係的強化,新組織的外銷效率將可保持甚至超越現時外銷芒果的績效。
This study uses Transaction Cost Theory, Principal-Agency Theory and Property Rights Theory as tools to analyzes the vertical coordination problem of Taiwan’s mango export supply chain. The analysis is divided into three parts. Firstly, it attempts to use the above theories to explain how the supply chain of mango export are operating. Secondly, the above theories are used to analyze the coordination problems of the supply chain and to design a new mango export organization that can enhance the performance of Taiwan’s mango export. In designing the new organization, New Zealand Kiwifruit export organization – Zespri Group Ltd. is introduced and used as a case study. In addition, this study uses Binomial Logit Regression analysis to find out the factors that significantly affecting the contract fulfillment rate between farmers and exporters. This study shows that there are two main problems in nowadays supply chain of mango export: export orders are not stable and business overlap within the export supply chain. These two problems make contract farming between farmers and exporters and scale economy generally impossible in Taiwan’s mango export. The quarantine requirement demanded by Japan, however, makes contract farming compulsary. And empirical results in this study show that duration of cooperation between farmers and exporters, purchasing price offer by exporters, and frequency of field inspection by exporters have a significant impact on the fulfillment rate of contract. Finally, this study recommends to establish a new mango export organization, through which the vertical coordination of mango farmers, farmers’ organizations, and exporters, and the efficiency of mango export supply chain can be strengthened.