日治時期台灣近代建築建築材料紅磚的使用之研究－以商標作為建築編年的初步探討

A study on the red bricks adopted in Taiwans modern architecture during the Japanese occupation era – Broaching from building on the yearly classification by trademark

翁靖傑(Chen-Chieh Wong)

指導教授 ： 堀込憲二

中原大學/設計學院/文化資產研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/CYCU.2011.00082

摘要

日治時期台灣近代建築中，紅磚造是最主要的特色建築材料，在近年文資保存意識抬頭的現在，要進行保存維護作業上，需以詳盡的建築編年資料作為基礎，因此建立日治時期的台灣近代建築編年資料是當務之急。

紅磚造的建築編年資料中，可以紅磚製造生產之「商標」作為建築年代與技術轉折之對應。因此以台灣近代建築為媒介，綜觀建築材料紅磚的使用，透過日治時期台灣各磚窯公司的營運生產，瞭解並歸納出商標紅磚的類型與製造，及其如何應用於台灣近代建築，視為台灣近代建築材料史與技術史中的一環。

本文再以台灣煉瓦窯業發展為歷史背景，日本西化後，受歐美工業革命傳播影響日本近代煉瓦技術，藉由殖民台灣引入乾式煉瓦技術與霍夫曼窯，影響台灣煉瓦業發展。文中嘗試以サミユル洋行（Samuel & Samuel Company）與台灣煉瓦株式會社於紅磚銷售競爭，作為商標紅磚探討的起源，歸納闡述S與T.R商標紅磚磚面上的商標所對應的建築年代。

本研究內容重點包括：

一、台灣紅磚煉瓦業背景概述與商標起源
透過1895年日治時期以前台灣傳統煉瓦業的演變過程與日本煉瓦業發展，及日治時期殖民台灣後日本煉瓦技術、規格等如何對台影響。並以商標的起源闡述日本與英國煉瓦商標的歷史背景及使用方式。

二、日治時期台灣紅磚煉瓦業發展
劃分日治時期為初期、中後期、末期與光復初期三階段，闡述台灣於各時期之重要煉瓦公司運作與如何影響台灣煉瓦業發展。

三、日治時期台灣近代建築與紅磚探討
以日本近代建築流派與台灣建築法令對台灣建築材料使用紅磚的影響，論述商標紅磚為台灣本地製造、改良歐美煉瓦技術與引入日本商標概念這三種不同文化因素混合而產生，並歸納整理各商標紅磚類型探討。

四、結論
以裸商標、陰刻S商標、陰刻T.R商標及陽刻T.R商標紅磚等類型，作為台灣近代建築建築編年的區分，提供台灣近代建築修復調查時相關建物年代判定上的佐證。

關鍵字

S磚 ； 商標紅磚 ； 日治時期 ； 建築編年 ； 紅磚 ； T.R磚

並列摘要

Among the modern architecture of Taiwan during the Japanese occupation era, the red bricks have been the main typical architecture material, since the cultural conservation has been more important, in order to realize the tasks of conservation, it shall be based on the architecture’s chronological data, therefore, the establishment of this data of Taiwan’s modern architecture is the top priority.

In the chronological data of red bricks architecture, we can use the “trademarks” of red bricks production for the comparison of the architecture year and technical transfer. Though using Taiwan’s modern architecture as a medium, making a comprehensive survey on the use of bricks, through the operation of diverse brick kilns, understand and induce the types and production of the trademark red bricks, as well as how they were used on the modern architecture of Taiwan, all these data are important for the material and techniques history of the modern architecture in Taiwan.

This text uses the development of the brick kilns of Taiwan as the historical background, after Japan had westernized, the modern brick technique of Japan has been influenced by the Industrial Revolution in western, through the colonization; the dry brick technique and the Hoffmann Kiln have been introduced to Taiwan, which influenced the development of brick industry in Taiwan. Using the topic of sales competition between the Samuel & Samuel Company and Taiwan Renga to be the origin of trademark red bricks, this text tries to sum up and explain the architecture era corresponding to the trademarks on the S and T.R. red bricks.

The content of this study includes:

1. Background and trademark origin of the red brick industry in Taiwan
Through the development process of Taiwan before the Japanese occupation of 1895 and the development of the brick industry in Japan, as well as the Japanese brick technique and standards after the colonization in Taiwan, probe into the influence in Taiwan. We try to explain the brick trademarks historical background and the use method between Japan and England through the origin of the trademarks.

2. Development of brick industry in Taiwan during the Japanese Occupational Era
We divide the Japanese occupational era in three periods: beginning, middle and end or the beginning of Taiwan Retrocession, explaining the operation of the most important brick companies in each period and how they influenced the development of the brick industry in Taiwan.

3. Study on the modern architecture of Taiwan and the red bricks during the Japanese Occupational Era
Through the modern architecture of Japan and the influence to the use of red bricks as construction materials by the construction laws of Taiwan, we try to explain the trademark red bricks as a combination of three different cultural factors, i.e. local production, improvement of western brick techniques and introduction of Japanese trademark, and probe into diverse trademark types.

4. Conclusion
Using different types of trademarks such as bare trademarks, concave S trademarks, concave T.R trademarks and convex T.R trademarks to differentiate the chronology of modern architecture in Taiwan, providing the proof of justifying the year of the architecture during the reconstruction and investigation of modern architecture of Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

trademark red bricks ； S bricks ； T.R bricks ； architecture chronology ； Japanese occupation era ； red bricks

參考文獻

廖鎮誠，2007，《日治時期台灣近代建築設備發展之研究》，中原大學建築所碩士論文

劉彥良，2009，《苗栗出磺坑石油產業設施發展歷程之研究》，中原大學建築研究所碩士論文

經濟部智慧財產局，2007，《認識商標 九十六年版》，經濟部智慧財產局

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堀込憲二，2004，《日治時期台灣地區建築上使用磁磚之研究——北投產磁磚》，中壢：中原大學建築系