台灣一般民眾與政治菁英對於2005年第七次修憲的認知、參與和評估

The Taiwanese's Cognition, Participation, and Evaluation of the Seventh Revision of the Constitution in 2005

劉從葦(Tsung-Wei Liu)

《法政學報》 25期 (2013/12) Pp. 151-176

摘要

憲法是國家的根本大法，所以從規範面來看，不論修憲的內容是什麼，修憲都應該經過審慎思辯。台灣在解嚴之後歷經七次修憲，本文檢視最近一次且影響最大的第七次修憲是否為審慎思辯後的結果。修憲需要全民參與才具有正當性，因此同時關注一般民眾與政治菁英對於修憲的態度與行為，分別從修憲認知、修憲參與、以及修憲評價來探討。根據台灣選舉與民主化調查以及台灣政治菁英調查的資料，發現一般民眾對於修憲的認知程度不高，不知道國大選舉的目的，亦不清楚各政黨在修憲議題上的立場；對於攸關憲法修正案通過與否的國大選舉低度參與；在修憲後也不滿意修憲的結果。在政治菁英方面，在修憲時並未形成黨內共識，導致一般民眾難以區辨各政黨的立場，同時也並未成功吸引民眾關注與討論修憲相關議題，在動員民眾投票上也成效不彰；在完成修憲多年之後，政治菁英對於修憲各議題的立場也產生程度不等的改變。整體而言，經驗證據顯示，台灣第七次修憲的過程與審慎思辯的期待完全背道而馳。

關鍵字

規範性經驗研究 ； 修憲 ； 單一選區兩票制 ； 國會席次減半 ； 台灣選舉與民主化調查 ； 台灣政治菁英調查

並列摘要

The constitution is the most important and fundamental law of a country, so its revision is supposed to be the result of deliberation. The constitution of ROC was amended seven times since the lifting of the Martial Law in 1987. This research examines whether the seventh revision of the Constitution in 2005, which is the latest and most important revision, was the result of deliberation. Constitutional amendment will not be legitimate without citizens' involvement, so both mass and elites' cognition, participation, and evaluation of the seventh revision of the Constitution are examined. The analysis of the data of Taiwan's Election and Democratization Study and Taiwan Representation Study shows that the Taiwanese did not know why an election of National Assembly was held and could not identified the positions of political parties on a variety of issues of constitutional revision. Few citizens voted in the election of 2005, and did not satisfy with the seventh revision of the Constitution. On the other hand, the political elites failed to develop consensus within their parties, did not attract citizens attention, and mobilized few people to vote in the 2005 election. When asking political elites' opinions in 2012 on the proposals of the seventh revision of the Constitution, their positions were different from that in 2005. Therefore, the empirical data demonstrates that the seventh revision of the Constitution in 2005 is far from a result of deliberation.

並列關鍵字

Normative Empirical study ； Constitutional Amendment ； Single-Constituency Two-Ballot System ； Taiwan's Election and Democratization Study ； Taiwan Representation Study